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Race-based medical mistrust, medication beliefs and HIV treatment adherence: test of a mediation model in people living with HIV/AIDS

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Abstract

Race-based medical mistrust significantly predicts non-adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in people living with HIV. The current study builds on previous research that shows beliefs about medication necessity (i.e., “My medicines protect me from becoming worse”) and concerns (i.e., “Having to take my medicines worries me”) mediate the association between race-based medical mistrust and medication adherence. Racial and ethnic minority men and women living with HIV and receiving ART (N = 178) in a southern US city completed computerized measures of demographic and health characteristics, telephone interviews of race-based medical mistrust and medication beliefs, and unannounced phone-based pill counts for ART adherence. Multiple mediation modeling showed that medical mistrust is related to medication necessity and concerns beliefs and ART adherence. Furthermore, medication necessity beliefs predicted ART adherence. The indirect effect of medical mistrust on adherence through medication necessity beliefs was also significant. Results confirm that medication necessity beliefs, although not concerns beliefs, mediate the association between medical mistrust and ART adherence. Medication necessity beliefs offer a viable target for interventions to improve ART adherence in the context of mistrust that patients may have for medical providers and health care systems.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by National Institute of Nursing Research Grant R01-NR012962 National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism Grant R01-AA021471 and the National Institute on Drug Abuse Grant R01-DA033067.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, University of Connecticut, 406 Babbidge Road, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA

    Seth C. Kalichman, Lisa Eaton, Moira O. Kalichman, Tama Grebler, Cynthia Merely & Brandi Welles

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  1. Seth C. Kalichman
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  2. Lisa Eaton
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  3. Moira O. Kalichman
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  4. Tama Grebler
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  5. Cynthia Merely
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Correspondence to Seth C. Kalichman.

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Conflict of interest

Seth C. Kalichman, Lisa Eaton, Moira O. Kalichman, Tama Grebler, Cynthia Merely and Brandi Welles declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Human and animal rights and Informed consent

All procedures followed were in accordance with ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (institutional and national) and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2000. Informed consent was obtained from all patients before being included in the study.

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Kalichman, S.C., Eaton, L., Kalichman, M.O. et al. Race-based medical mistrust, medication beliefs and HIV treatment adherence: test of a mediation model in people living with HIV/AIDS. J Behav Med 39, 1056–1064 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-016-9767-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10865-016-9767-1

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