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In vivo osseointegration of a randomized trabecular titanium structure obtained by an additive manufacturing technique

  • Biocompatibility Studies
  • Original Research
  • Published:
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Abstract

The additive manufacturing techniques (AM) are able to realize three-dimensional trabecular structures that mimic the trabecular structure of the bone. An in vivo study in sheep was carried out with the aim of assessing the bone response and the trend of osteointegration of a randomized trabecular titanium structure produced by the AM technique. In 6 sheep were implanted 84 specimens with a trabecular titanium structure (4 implants in the femur distal epiphysis; 4 implants in the tibial plate; 6 implants in the tibial shaft). Sheep were sacrificed at 3 postoperative time-points: 6 weeks, 10 weeks, 14 weeks. Histomorphometric analysis was performed for the evaluation of Bone Implant Contact, and Bone Ingrowth. A standard push-out test was used to analyze the mechanical characteristics of the bone-implant interface. The histomorphometric data and biomechanical tests showed a fast osseointegration of the specimens both in the cancellous and in the cortical bone. The quantitative analysis of osseointegration data in cancellous bone showed the percentage of the surface of the implant in direct contact with the regenerated bone matrix significantly improved from 28% at 6 weeks to 54% at 14 weeks. An early osseointegration occurred in cortical bone showing that 75% of surface of implant was in direct contact with regenerated bone after 6 weeks; this value increased to 85% after 14 weeks. Mechanical tests revealed an early improvement of mean peak load of implants at 10 weeks (4486 N ± 528 N) compared to values at 6 weeks (2516 N ± 910 N) confirming the high rate of progression of osseointegration in the cortical bone. The non-mineralized matrix followed an increasing process of mineralization almost completely after 14 weeks. The results of this study have showed a rapid osseointegration and excellent biocompatibility for a randomized trabecular titanium structure that should be confirmed by clinical investigations.

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Author contributions

VR and MA contributed conception and design of the study; MO, LP, MMvD performed surgical intervention and animals care, EC and CD performed histological evaluation and analysis of data, DA performed biomechanical tests and analysis of data, VR and EC wrote the draft of the manuscript, CD and RD revised critically data interpretation. All authors contributed to manuscript revision, read and approved the submitted version.

Funding

This animal study was funded by Permedica that supported the University of Turin for the veterinary surgery, cares, post-surgical radiological and clinical examination of the animals and the University of Milan for histological analysis and biomechanical tests of the harvested specimens.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Permedica S.p.A, Research and Development Department, Merate, Lecco, Italy

    Vincenza Ragone & Massimo Arosio

  2. Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy

    Elena Canciani, Davide Augusti & Claudia Dellavia

  3. Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy

    Matteo Olimpo, Lisa Adele Piras & Mitzy Mauthe von Degerfeld

  4. IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy

    Riccardo D’Ambrosi

Authors
  1. Vincenza Ragone
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  2. Elena Canciani
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  3. Massimo Arosio
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  4. Matteo Olimpo
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  5. Lisa Adele Piras
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  6. Mitzy Mauthe von Degerfeld
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  7. Davide Augusti
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  8. Riccardo D’Ambrosi
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  9. Claudia Dellavia
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Correspondence to Riccardo D’Ambrosi.

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Conflict of interest

VR and MA are employees of Permedica S.p.A. These authors did not have a role in the in analysis and interpretation of the data. They had no possibility to influence or to change the results of this study. The other authors, their immediate families, and any research foundation with which they are affiliated have not received any financial payments or other benefits from any commercial entity related to the subject of this article.

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Ragone, V., Canciani, E., Arosio, M. et al. In vivo osseointegration of a randomized trabecular titanium structure obtained by an additive manufacturing technique. J Mater Sci: Mater Med 31, 17 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-019-6357-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-019-6357-0

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