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Cell-protection mechanism through autophagy in HGFs/S. mitis co-culture treated with Chitlac-nAg

  • Engineering and Nano-engineering Approaches for Medical Devices
  • Original Research
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Abstract

Silver-based products have been proven to be effective in retarding and preventing bacterial growth since ancient times. In the field of restorative dentistry, the use of silver ions/nanoparticles has been explored to counteract bacterial infections, as silver can destroy bacterial cell walls by reacting with membrane proteins. However, it is also cytotoxic towards eukaryotic cells, which are capable of internalizing nanoparticles. In this work, we investigated the biological effects of Chitlac-nAg, a colloidal system based on a modified chitosan (Chitlac), administered for 24–48 h to a co-culture of primary human gingival fibroblasts and Streptococcus mitis in the presence of saliva, developed to mimic the microenvironment of the oral cavity. We sought to determine its efficiency to combat oral hygiene-related diseases without affecting eukaryotic cells. Cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species production, apoptosis induction, nanoparticles uptake, and lysosome and autophagosome metabolism were evaluated. In vitro results show that Chitlac-nAg does not exert cytotoxic effects on human gingival fibroblasts, which seem to survive through a homoeostasis mechanism involving autophagy. That suggests that the novel biomaterial Chitlac-nAg could be a promising tool in the field of dentistry.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by a two sources: first, a FIRB project, “Accordi di programma 2010”, directed by Prof. Cataldi (Cod.RBAPI095), on “Processi degenerativi dei tessuti mineralizzati del cavo orale, impieghi di biomateriali e controllo delle interazioni con microrganismi dell’ambiente”; and second, an “ex 60 %” grant held by Dr. di Giacomo. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The authors would like to thank Sheila Beatty for editing the English usage of the manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy

    Marialucia Gallorini, Viviana di Giacomo, Mara Di Giulio, Amelia Cataldi & Silvia Sancilio

  2. Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany

    Marialucia Gallorini

  3. Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy

    Valentina Di Valerio & Roberta Di Pietro

  4. Genetic Molecular Institute of CNR, Unit of Chieti, “G. d’Annunzio” University, Chieti-Pescara, Italy

    Monica Rapino & Domenico Bosco

  5. Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy

    Andrea Travan & Sergio Paoletti

Authors
  1. Marialucia Gallorini
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  2. Viviana di Giacomo
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  3. Valentina Di Valerio
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  4. Monica Rapino
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  7. Mara Di Giulio
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  10. Amelia Cataldi
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Correspondence to Viviana di Giacomo.

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Gallorini, M., di Giacomo, V., Di Valerio, V. et al. Cell-protection mechanism through autophagy in HGFs/S. mitis co-culture treated with Chitlac-nAg. J Mater Sci: Mater Med 27, 186 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-016-5803-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-016-5803-5

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