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Microscopic observations and inflammatory cytokine productions of human macrophage phagocytising submicron titanium particles

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Abstract

This study was performed to microscopically observe and measure inflammatory cytokine production by human macrophages phagocytosing submicron titanium (Ti) particles. Observations with secondary electron microscopy (SEM), SEM/electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicated that macrophages [phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA)-differentiated THP-1 cells] at 24 h in culture actively phagocytosed and accumulated submicron Ti particles in intracellular phagosomes, in which refinement of Ti particles occurred. The macrophages were also cultured for 24 h in four media with and without submicron Ti particles and lipopolysaccharide (LPS; components of bacteria). Whilst neither stimulus reduced cell viability, submicron Ti particles and LPS activation independently and synergistically caused the macrophages to produce three inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) at high levels in the culture supernatants. The inflammatory and osteolysis conditions caused by macrophages phagocytosing submicron Ti particles would be worsened by challenge with LPS in patients wearing Ti prostheses.

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Acknowledgements

This study was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for the Open Research Project from 2007 to 2011, a Grant-in-Aid for the High-Tech Research Project from 2005 to 2009 from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan, a Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B) 21791830 and a Grant-in-Aid (B) 21390526 from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Dental Materials Science and Technology, Iwate Medical University School of Dentistry, 1-3-27, Chuo-dori, Morioka, 020-8505, Japan

    Masayuki Taira, Takashi Nezu & Yoshima Araki

  2. Department of Oral Anatomy II, Iwate Medical University School of Dentistry, 1-3-27, Chuo-dori, Morioka, 020-8505, Japan

    Tadayoshi Kagiya & Hidemitsu Harada

  3. Department of Oral Microbiology, Iwate Medical University School of Dentistry, 1-3-27, Chuo-dori, Morioka, 020-8505, Japan

    Minoru Sasaki & Shigenobu Kimura

  4. Department of Materials Processing, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-02 Aza Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan

    Takayuki Narushima

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  1. Masayuki Taira
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  2. Tadayoshi Kagiya
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Correspondence to Masayuki Taira.

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Taira, M., Kagiya, T., Harada, H. et al. Microscopic observations and inflammatory cytokine productions of human macrophage phagocytising submicron titanium particles. J Mater Sci: Mater Med 21, 267–275 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-009-3834-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-009-3834-x

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