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Wound healing and the immune response in swine treated with a hemostatic bandage composed of salmon thrombin and fibrinogen

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Abstract

We investigated the inflammatory response in pigs exposed to salmon fibrinogen/thrombin dressings. Animals were exposed to the material in 3 ways: (a) thrombin and fibrinogen were injected intravenously, (b) dual full-thickness skin lesions were surgically created on the dorsal aspect of the swine and treated with the fibrinogen/thrombin bandage and a commercial bandage or (c) a fibrinogen/thrombin bandage was inserted through an abdominal incision into the peritoneal cavity. Blood was collected twice weekly and animals were sacrificed at 7, 10 or 28 days. Animals in the 28-day dermal lesion group were given an injection of salmon fibrinogen/thrombin at the 10 day point to simulate a second bandage application. The immune response manifested itself as induction of germinal centers in mesenteric lymph nodes and in the white pulp of the spleen. Examination of the histology of the skin and organs showed a cellular inflammatory response with granulation tissue and signs of edema that resolved by the 28-day stage. Antibodies reactive to salmon and human thrombin and fibrinogen were detected, but fibrinogen levels and coagulation processes were not affected. In conclusion, animals treated with salmon fibrinogen/thrombin bandages demonstrated a smooth recovery course in terms of both tissue healing and the immune response without adverse effects from the exposure to the fish proteins.

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Abbreviations

TNF:

Tissue necrosis factor

PDS:

Polydioxanone suture

H&E:

Hematoxylin and eosin

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the staff of the Surgery Department, Division of Veterinary Medicine, Walter Reed Army Institute of Medicine for their expert care of the animals in all phases of the experiments. This research project was supported by funding from the Office of Naval Research, Arlington, VA (Project No.: N0001406MP20010), The Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD (R070TF) and by the US Army, Military Research and Materiel Command, Ft. Detrick, MD.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Road, Bethesda, MD, 20814-4799, USA

    Stephen W. Rothwell

  2. Sea Run Holdings, Freeport, ME, USA

    Evelyn Sawyer

  3. Division of Military Casualty Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, 21910, USA

    Jennifer Dorsey

  4. Division of Veterinary Medicine, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, 21910, USA

    William S. Flournoy & Timothy Settle

  5. Nanomatrix, Inc., Baton Rouge, LA, USA

    David Simpson & Gary Cadd

  6. Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Paul Janmey

  7. Division of Biometrics, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, 21910, USA

    Charles White

  8. Division of Pathology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, 21910, USA

    Kathleen A. Szabo

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  1. Stephen W. Rothwell
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  2. Evelyn Sawyer
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  3. Jennifer Dorsey
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  4. William S. Flournoy
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  8. Paul Janmey
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  10. Kathleen A. Szabo
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Correspondence to Stephen W. Rothwell.

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The opinions or assertions contained herein are the private views of the authors and are not to be construed as official or reflecting the views of the Department of the Army or the Department of Defense.

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Rothwell, S.W., Sawyer, E., Dorsey, J. et al. Wound healing and the immune response in swine treated with a hemostatic bandage composed of salmon thrombin and fibrinogen. J Mater Sci: Mater Med 20, 2155–2166 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-009-3769-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-009-3769-2

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