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Peanut-shell derived hard carbon as potential negative electrode material for sodium-ion battery

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Abstract

Sulphur-free hard carbon from peanut shells has been successfully synthesized. Pre-treatment of potassium hydroxide (KOH) plays a crucial role in the enhancement of physical and electrochemical properties of synthesized hard carbon, specifically enhancing the active surface area. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) analysis also supports the enhanced BET surface area and distribution of pores. Raman spectroscopy shows the carbonized product as hard carbon. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) provides the presence of oxygen-functionalized hard carbon. XRD pattern confirms the amorphous nature of the carbon. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy indicates the charge transfer kinetics, which also shows that the charge transfer resistance of HC-800K7 is minimal among all KOH-pre-treated samples. An initial specific capacity of 320 mAhg−1 has been recorded for the HC-800K7 sample at 0.1 Ag−1 current rate. After 500 cycles, the reversible charge capacity is found to retain at 231 mAhg−1. It gives 73.13% capacity retention after 500 cycles. Cyclic voltammetry shows the formation of SEI at the first few cycles and thereafter the SEI stabilized. HC-800K7 delivers high capacity and longer cycle stability. The results show that KOH activation enhances the electrochemical performance of the material.

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Data availability

The corresponding author will provide the datasets generated and analysed during the current investigation upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Solar Research and Development Centre, Pandit Deendayal Energy University (PDEU) for providing necessary facilities to carry out the work. We would like to thank Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur for providing facility for XPS characterisation of synthesized material. The authors thank SERB, Dept. of Science and Technology, Govt. of India for proving grants through project no. (SERB/2018/002067) and (DST/TMD/MES/2K17/32(G)) to carry out the present work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Solar Research and Development Centre, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar, Gujrat, India

    Kenil Rajpura, Roma Patel & Indrajit Mukhopadhyay

  2. Department of Solar Energy, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar, Gujrat, India

    Kenil Rajpura, Yashkumar Patel, Roma Patel & Indrajit Mukhopadhyay

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  1. Kenil Rajpura
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Kenil Rajpura: Methodology, data curation, writing-original draft, YashKumar Patel and Roma Patel: Investigation, formal Analysis, Writing, Indrajit Mukhopadhyay: Conceptualization, review, editing and supervision. The finished manuscript has received the unanimous approval of all authors.

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Correspondence to Indrajit Mukhopadhyay.

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Rajpura, K., Patel, Y., Patel, R. et al. Peanut-shell derived hard carbon as potential negative electrode material for sodium-ion battery. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 35, 951 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-024-12696-0

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