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Low hysteresis, high sensitivity, fast response, and recovery time of humidity sensor based on Schiff bases material

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Abstract

The Schiff bases compound 2-((2-chloro-4-methylphenylimino)methyl)-5diethylamino)phenol (hereafter L4 compound) has been synthesized and was used for the first time in the fabrication of sensor and to test its humidity sensing properties. The solution of L4 compound was deposited on interdigitated Ag–Pd electrodes using drop-casting technique. The scanning electron micrographs (SEM images) revealed that the surface morphology consisted of flat surface along with pores and pore channels of various shapes and sizes. Porosity and conduits facilitated and accommodated more H2O molecules and played key role in the sensing mechanism. When applied frequency was increased from 25 Hz to 2 MHz, the capacitance of the device was decreased from 48.8 to 3.92 pF. However, when humidity was changed from 39.4 to 90%RH the capacitance of the device was enhanced from 8.68 × 10−10 to 4.1 × 10−9 Farad. The regression or goodness of fit (R2) values were 0.96 and 0.94 which are very close to unity and represented the best fit of both the curves to improve linearity. The L4 compound-based sensor showed rapid response time (3.5 s) and recovery time (9.4 s), which are much quicker than our previous published results. The present L4-based sensor showed high sensitivity of 47,299%, which is higher than conventional humidity sensor. The hysteresis of the sensor was low (3.63%). Thus, the rapid response/recovery time, high sensitivity, and low hysteresis of L4 compound appear to be very promising candidate for efficient capacitive humidity sensor.

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On reasonable request, the corresponding author will make available the datasets used and/or created during this investigation. The experimental work and language of the manuscript are also unique. There was no evidence of plagiarism in the submitted manuscript. If the reviewer insists on seeing the evidence, we would gladly deliver it to them in a plagiarized form.

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Acknowledgements

The authors extend their appreciation to Taif University Saudi Arabia, for supporting this work through a Project number (TU-DSPP-2024-59).

Funding

This research was funded by Taif university, Saudi Arabia, Project No. TU-DSPP-2024-59.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Islamia College Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, KP, Pakistan

    Syed Ghani Shah, Muneeb ur Rahman & Mateen Ullah

  2. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. BOX. 110, 21944, Taif, Saudi Arabia

    Khaled Althubeiti

  3. Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, 21944, Taif, Saudi Arabia

    Sattam Al Otaibi

  4. Senior Researcher, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, New Uzbekistan University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

    Sherzod Abdullaev

  5. Senior Researcher, Scientific and Innovation Department, Tashkent State Pedagogical University named after Nizami, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

    Sherzod Abdullaev

  6. Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Ali Haider & Saqib Ali

  7. Department of Physics, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, 23200, KP, Pakistan

    Zulfiqar

  8. Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, La Crosse, WI, USA

    Shahid Iqbal

  9. Department of Chemistry, University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan

    Noor Uddin

  10. Department of Physics, University of Lakki Marwat, Lakki Marwat, 28420, KP, Pakistan

    Nasir Rahman & Rajwali Khan

  11. Department of Physics, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 15551, Abu Dhabi, UAE

    Rajwali Khan

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  1. Syed Ghani Shah
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  2. Muneeb ur Rahman
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Contributions

This paper was written and revised collaboratively Syed Ghani Shah, Muneeb ur Rahman, Mateen Ullah, Ali Haider, Saqib Ali, Zulfiqar, and Rajwali Khan. Khaled Althubeiti, Sherzod Abdullaev, Sattam Al Otaibi, Mateen Ullah, Ali Haider, Saqib Ali, Zulfiqar, Shahid Iqbal, Noor Uddin, Nasir Rahman, and Rajwali Khan created the idea and mutual discussed the paper. Finally, Rajwali Khan submitted the paper.

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Correspondence to Muneeb ur Rahman or Rajwali Khan.

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Shah, S.G., Rahman, M.u., Althubeiti, K. et al. Low hysteresis, high sensitivity, fast response, and recovery time of humidity sensor based on Schiff bases material. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 35, 888 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-024-12676-4

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