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Influence of light and humidity on the synthesis and characterization of perovskite FAPbI3 thin films

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Abstract

Perovskite solar cells have gained more popularity in recent years because of their high efficiency and low cost. The most widely employed active layer in perovskite solar cells is FAPbI3, which possesses higher stability, efficiency, and smaller bandgap value. However, its sensitivity to light and humidity makes it challenging to prepare under normal conditions in an economical manner. In this paper, we tried to control not only humidity during the annealing stage but also light intensity conditions of FAPbI3 samples. Here, we synthesize samples in four different ways: (i) Without dark annealing; (ii) Vacuum-assisted without dark annealing; (iii) Dark annealing; and (iv) Vacuum-assisted dark annealing. Among these methods, Dark annealing and Vacuum-assisted dark annealing are two effective methods where we controlled light during the annealing stage. The morphological, structural, and optical characteristics of the samples were investigated. The FTIR data showed that the relative humidity of the sample is favourably reduced for the samples prepared using vacuum-assisted methods. X-ray analysis confirmed the α phase of FAPbI3, which is a favourable phase for solar cell applications. The FESEM analysis confirmed the defect-free morphology of the prepared sample. The prepared α- FAPbI3 accounts for a bandgap value of 1.51 eV, which is quite close to the ideal bandgap value. The α phase of FAPbI3 is also conformed from TEM analysis. Thermal stability of sample was analysed by TGA/DTA and got a decomposition temperature of 442 °C.

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Acknowledgements

The author would like to thank STIC, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kochi, and SPAP, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam for their assistance with characterization. We would like to acknowledge Ms. Gopika G Nair and Ms. Bushramol. S, research scholars, Department of Physics, CMS College Kottayam (Autonomous) for their valuable contributions in proofreading and editing this article.

Funding

The authors declare that no funds, grants, or other support were received during the preparation of this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, CMS College (Autonomous), Kottayam, Kerala, 686001, India

    Arjun Suresh P., Greeshma Sara John, Athira Maria Johnson & Arun Kumar K. V.

  2. Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Research Centre, CMS College (Autonomous), Kottayam, Kerala, 686001, India

    Arjun Suresh P., Greeshma Sara John, Athira Maria Johnson & Arun Kumar K. V.

  3. Post Graduate and Research Department of Physics, Government College Kottayam, Kottayam, Kerala, India

    U. S. Sajeev

  4. Department of Physics, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Technology, Kottayam, Kerala, India

    U. S. Sajeev

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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Arjun Suresh P, Greeshma Sara John, and Athira Maria Johnson. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Arjun Suresh P and all authors commented on the previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Arun Kumar K V and Sajeev U.S. have supervised and edited the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Arun Kumar K. V..

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Arjun Suresh, P., John, G.S., Johnson, A.M. et al. Influence of light and humidity on the synthesis and characterization of perovskite FAPbI3 thin films. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 35, 943 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-024-12487-7

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