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Defect chemistry, self-modified Ti3+-doped TiO2 as a photoanode material for dye-sensitized solar cell

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Abstract

To meet the energy demand of modern society, we vote in renewable energy source particularly dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSC). In this regard, the efficiency of DSSCs was improved by self-doped Ti3+ on Titanium dioxide (TiO2) surface. The integration of Ti3+ resulted in formation of oxygen vacancy that leads to generation of free electron. The formation of oxygen vacancy and free electron are observed in X-ray photo spectroscopy and the Electron Spin Resonance spectra. Further, oxygen vacancies in TiO2 have helped in retards the photo-generated electron and hole pairs and fine-tuned the agglomerated particles into uniform particles. The presence of oxygen vacancies increases the local charge density of free electron, and this energy level of oxygen vacancy can serve as electron donor states. Markedly, the maximum photo-conversion efficiency of 6.5% was achieved for Ti3+-incorporated TiO2 photoanode with the open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.759 Voltage (V) and short-circuit current (Jsc) of 10.5 mA/cm2, whereas the pristine photoanode showed maximum photo-conversion efficiency of 5.0% with Voc of 0.767 V and Jsc of 8.6 mA/cm2. The increase in photo-generated electron–hole pair was also validated by transient photocurrent measurement and impedance spectra. The results indicate the importance of the vacancies present in the metal oxide for developing DSSCs with high efficiency.

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Acknowledgements

The authors extend their appreciation to the Researchers Supporting Project number (RSPD2024R956), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. This work is also supported by NRF-2019R1A5A8080290 of the National Research Foundation of Korea.

Funding

Funding was provided by King Saud University (Grant No. RSPD2024R956).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nuclear Physics, University of Madras, Chennai, 600025, India

    G. Karthik

  2. School of Mechanical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea

    Pitcheri Rosaiah, M. Dhananjaya & Sang Woo Joo

  3. Department of Physics, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 602105, India

    Pitcheri Rosaiah

  4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, 11421, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Mohammad Rezaul Karim & Ibrahim A. Alnaser

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  1. G. Karthik
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  5. M. Dhananjaya
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Contributions

GK: Conceptualization, Methodology, Experimental, Investigation, Graphical Work, and Writing—original draft. PR: Methodology, Investigation, Graphical Work, Writing—original draft, Resources. MRK and IAA: Formal Analysis, MD, SWJ: Investigation, Formal Analysis, Editing, Writing—Review, and Supervision.

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Correspondence to Pitcheri Rosaiah, M. Dhananjaya or Sang Woo Joo.

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Karthik, G., Rosaiah, P., Karim, M.R. et al. Defect chemistry, self-modified Ti3+-doped TiO2 as a photoanode material for dye-sensitized solar cell. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 35, 505 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-024-12255-7

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