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Enhanced magnetic properties of Gd3+-doped NiMgCu nano ferrites

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Abstract

NiMgCu spinel ferrite nanoparticles doped with Gd3+ in different ratios (Ni0.3Mg0.5Cu0.2GdxFe2−xO4; x = 0.00, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, and 0.08) were produced by citrate sol–gel auto-combustion. X-ray diffraction (XRD), field effect scanning electron microscopy, vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to evaluate the structural and magnetic properties of the investigated samples. XRD powder diffraction patterns verified the spinel ferrite nanoparticle examined. The average crystallite size of the samples was calculated using the Debye–Scherrer formula. The average crystallite size dropped from 41.08 to 36.27 nm when the substitution of Gd3+ ions increased. Concurrently with the increasing Gd3+ ion abundance, the lattice constant rose from 8.3954 to 8.4287 Å. Using FE-SEM to examine the morphology of the synthesized ferrites revealed spherical-like structures with pores and aggregation. The 400–600 cm−1 region of the FT-IR absorption spectra showed two absorption bands characteristic of spinel ferrites. The magnetic characteristics of the synthesized ferrite showed a reduction as the Gd3+ ion content increased. Both residual and saturation magnetization decreased, leading to a decline in magnetic stability. According to the VSM investigation, Gd3+ ion-doped NiMgCu ferrite exhibited ferromagnetism.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Dr. V. S. Krishna Govt. Degree College (A), Visakhapatnam, A.P, India

    V. S. Bhagvan Netheti

  2. Department of Physics, S V Government Degree College, Parvathipuram, A.P, India

    D. Jagadeeswara Rao

  3. Department of Freshman Engineering, Lakireddy Bali Reddy College of Engineering, Mylavaram, A. P, India

    N. Aruna

  4. Department of Physics, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, A.P, India

    Siriki Srinivasarao

  5. Department of Physics, School of Sciences, Woxsen University, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

    Ramakrishna Madaka

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  1. V. S. Bhagvan Netheti
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  2. D. Jagadeeswara Rao
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  3. N. Aruna
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  4. Siriki Srinivasarao
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  5. Ramakrishna Madaka
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Contributions

V. S. Bhagvan Netheti prepared the sample and wrote the manuscript; N N. Aruna helped to discuss the article framework and participated in the testing of materials; Siriki Srinivasa Rao and Ramakrishna Madaka developed the experimental formula and provided the measurements; D. Jagadeeswara Rao provided research ideas and guided experiments. All authors contributed to the discussions and preparation of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to D. Jagadeeswara Rao.

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Netheti, V.S.B., Rao, D.J., Aruna, N. et al. Enhanced magnetic properties of Gd3+-doped NiMgCu nano ferrites. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 35, 332 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-024-12121-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-024-12121-6

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