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S-scheme MgO–TiO2@g-C3N4 nanostructures as efficient photocatalyst for alizarin red S photodegradation

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Abstract

In this study a ternary composite MgO–TiO2@g-C3N4 was synthesized via a simplistic ultrasonic route and then it was characterized using various techniques. The development of tri-phased nanostructure was revealed by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) study confirmed the presence of the constituent elements while the bonding patterns were investigated by the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). The as-acquired MgO–TiO2@g-C3N4 heterojunction exhibited an optimal competence (94%) and enhanced photo-degradation rate constant towards the Alizarin Red S (ARS) dye in just 60 min under visible-light illumination. The heterostructured combined interfaces assembly of g-C3N4 and MgO–TiO2 NPs, have efficiently prompted the photo-excited charges separation, and blocked the recombination incidence. Henceforth, the prolonged lifetime has led to incessant generation of photoactive− species that ultimately upgraded the photo-degradation process. Furthermore, the fabricated hybrid photocatalysts showed superior recycling stability. A plausible photocatalytic reaction mechanism based on the S-scheme has been proposed. The advanced photocatalytic competence to degrade the AR dye under visible light irradiation makes MgO–TiO2@g-C3N4 a favorable photocatalyst for the dye-containing wastewater treatment.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported and funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU) (grant number IMSIU- RG23101).

Funding

This work was funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU) (grant number IMSIU- RG23101).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), P.O. Box 90950, 11623, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Laila S. Alqarni, Maha D. Alghamdi, Hanan Alhussain & Nuha Y. Elamin

  2. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Al‐Baha University, P.O. Box 1988, 65799, Al‐Baha, Saudi Arabia

    Maha D. Alghamdi

  3. Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia

    A. Modwi

  4. Department of Chemistry & Industrial Chemistry, College of Applied & Industrial Sciences, Bahri University, Khartoum, Sudan

    Kamal K. Taha

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  1. Laila S. Alqarni
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All authors participated in the study’s design, preparation of materials, data collection, and analysis. Each author submitted feedback on earlier article draughts. All authors read and authorized the completed manuscript.

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Alqarni, L.S., Alghamdi, M.D., Alhussain, H. et al. S-scheme MgO–TiO2@g-C3N4 nanostructures as efficient photocatalyst for alizarin red S photodegradation. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 35, 239 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-024-11996-9

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