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Visible light-driven photocatalytic removal of tetracycline healthcare waste by retrievable ZnFe2O4/MWCNTs nanocomposite

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Abstract

Tetracycline (TC), a popular antibiotic for treating bacterial diseases in living things, poses a serious threat to the aquatic environment. Even though several standard techniques to remove TC antibiotics from water solutions have been tried, they have not been successful. Therefore, a catalyst works in photocatalytic degradation to use light energy to speed up the breakdown of a chemical molecule. The hydrothermally synthesized ZnFe2O4/MWCNTs composite nanocatalyst was characterized. The study found that MWCNTs could be successfully incorporated into ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles, which slowed down the rate at which charge carriers recombined after merging with MWCNTs. In a batch reactor, the catalyst’s effectiveness was then evaluated by looking at the weight ratio change of the nanocomposite, the initial concentration of TC antibiotics, the impacts of pH and the contact time. When investigating the TC degradation using ZnFe2O4 and MWCNTs as separate pure materials, the same operational conditions were used. ZnFe2O4/MWCNTs achieved a degradation efficiency of 98.3% for TC at a pH value of 7. This result was attained after a reaction duration of 120 min, TC solution concentration of 50 mg/L, nanocomposite dose of 0.6 g/L of TZ 04 and power density of 120 W/m2. The degradation rate of TC was determined utilizing the pseudo-first-order approach. It was observed that the photocatalysts retained their initial characteristics through four successive applications, exhibiting only a slight decrease in removal efficiency while maintaining an optimal balance of catalyst, TC concentration and pH. The study’s findings showed that the ZnFe2O4/MWCNTs nanocomposite was highly effective in TC degradation. It has the potential to work effectively as a catalyst for the removal and degradation of pharmaceutical waste.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge Centennial Physics Ph.D Instrumentation Centre, Department of Physics, Loyola College, Chennai-600 034.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Loyola College, Affiliated to the University of Madras, Chennai, 600034, India

    Davis Varghese, Joe Raja Ruban M., Joselene Suzan Jennifer P., AnnieCanisius D., Muthupandi S., Madhavan J. & Victor Antony Raj M.

  2. Loyola Institute of Frontier Energy, Loyola College, Chennai, 600034, India

    Davis Varghese, Joe Raja Ruban M., Joselene Suzan Jennifer P., AnnieCanisius D. & Victor Antony Raj M.

  3. Department of Chemistry, Christ College, Irinjalakuda, 680125, India

    Ramya K.

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  1. Davis Varghese
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  3. Joselene Suzan Jennifer P.
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  5. Ramya K.
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  8. Victor Antony Raj M.
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study’s conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by DV, JRRM and JSJP, formal analysis, methodology resources and validation were performed by ACD, RK, MS, MJ and VARM The first draft of the manuscript was written by Victor Antony Raj M and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Victor Antony Raj M..

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Varghese, D., Joe Raja Ruban, M., Joselene Suzan Jennifer, P. et al. Visible light-driven photocatalytic removal of tetracycline healthcare waste by retrievable ZnFe2O4/MWCNTs nanocomposite. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 35, 279 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-024-11959-0

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