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Comparison of the effect of Cr3+ substituted Co–Cu and Cu–Co nano ferrites on structural, magnetic, DC electrical resistivity, and dielectric properties

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Abstract

Cr3-substituted Co–Cu (Co0.7Cu0.3Fe2−xCrxO4) and Cu-Co (Cu0.7Co0.3Fe2−xCrxO4) nano ferrite composites were prepared using the sol–gel approach, where x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, and 0.25. We analysed their structural, DC electrical resistivity, magnetic, and dielectric properties comprehensively. X-ray diffraction (XRD) results indicate the formation of a single-phase spinel ferrite structure. The introduction of Cr3+ ions leads to a reduction in lattice volume and crystallite size. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) images reveal non-spherical particles on a uniform surface, with a decrease in grain size as Cr3+ doping levels increase. The Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) patterns are consistent with the XRD results, confirming the presence of spinel ferrite. The variation significantly influences the magnetic properties in Cr3+ doping. The saturation magnetization (Ms) decreases as the Cr3+ content increases to x = 0.1. Beyond that, it continues to decrease with higher Cr3+ concentrations. This behavior is attributed to the antiferromagnetic nature of Cr3+ ions, which do not favour their occupation at the B sites. The DC resistivity increases with higher Cr3+ concentrations and decreases with rising temperatures, indicating the semiconducting behavior of the ferrites. Furthermore, the loss tangent (tanδ) exhibits an exponential decrease with increasing frequency, pointing to typical Maxwell–Wagner-type dielectric dispersion driven by interfacial polarization.

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Acknowledgements

The author, K M Batoo, would like to thank Researchers Supporting Project no. (RSP2024R148), at King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, for financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Raghu Engineering College (A), Dakamarri, Bheemunipatnam Mandal, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India

    B. Suryanarayana

  2. Department of Physics, Sanketika Institute of Technology and Management, Visakhapatnam, 530041, India

    P. V. S. K. Phanidhar Varma

  3. Department of Physics, Aditya College of Engineering and Technology, Surampalem, India

    P. S. V. Shanmukhi

  4. Department of Physics, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh, India

    M. Gnana Kiran

  5. Department of Engineering Physics, AUCE (A), Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India

    N. Murali

  6. Department of Physics, School of Sciences & Humanities, SR University, Warangal, India

    N. Murali

  7. Department of Physics, CNCS, Aksum University, Tigrai, Ethiopia

    Tulu Wegayehu Mammo

  8. Department of Physics, Sri Venkateswara College, Benito Juarez Marg, Dhaula Kaun, New Delhi, 110021, India

    Vemuri Raghavendra

  9. Research Center for Applied Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal

    D. Parajuli

  10. College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box-2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Khalid Mujasam Batoo

  11. Hybrid Materials Center (HMC), Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea

    Sajjad Hussain

  12. Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, 05006, Republic of Korea

    Sajjad Hussain

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Contributions

BS, PVSKPV, PSVS, MGK: Prepared the sample and wrote the manuscript. NM: helped to discuss the article framework, participated in the testing of materials. TWM, VR, DP: developed the experimental formula and provided the measurements. KMB, SH: provided research ideas and guided experiments. All authors contributed to the discussions and preparation of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to N. Murali.

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Suryanarayana, B., Varma, P.V.S.K.P., Shanmukhi, P.S.V. et al. Comparison of the effect of Cr3+ substituted Co–Cu and Cu–Co nano ferrites on structural, magnetic, DC electrical resistivity, and dielectric properties. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 35, 93 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-023-11808-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-023-11808-6

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