Abstract
This study performed the preparation of inorganic CsSnI2Cl Lead-free perovskite material with a great optical behavior that qualifies these materials for photoelectrode application. CsSnI2Cl is prepared through the casting adding the perovskite solution on porous CuO that previously prepared under the combustion of Cu-foil. Through short heating, the CsSnI2Cl/CuO/Cu photoelectrode is prepared. This perovskite material is confirmed through the optical absorbance that has a great optical behavior with a band gap of 1.75 eV. The application of CsSnI2Cl/CuO/Cu for hydrogen generation is performed using red sea water as an electrolyte, in which the hydrogen generation rate is estimated using the produced current density (Jph) value. This Jph value is 20 mA/cm2 under a metal halide lamp. Moreover, this photoelectrode is estimated under various wavelengths, in which the optimum Jph (10.8 mA cm−2) is achieved at 340 nm, in which the incident photon to electron conversion efficiency is 33% at this wave lengths. This photoelectrode provides its qualified for hydrogen generation reaction under a wide optical range from 340 to 730 nm. Soon, our team is working on designing an electrochemical cell that can convert the red sea water into hydrogen gas directly.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this article.
References
X. Yan, J. Biemolt, K. Zhao, Y. Zhao, X. Cao, Y. Yang, X. Wu, G. Rothenberg, N.A. Yan, Membrane-free flow electrolyzer operating at high current density using earth-abundant catalysts for water splitting. Nat. Commun. 12, 1–9 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-24284-5
H. Xie, Z. Zhao, T. Liu, Y. Wu, C. Lan, W. Jiang, L. Zhu, Y. Wang, D. Yang, Z.A. Shao, Membrane-based seawater electrolyser for hydrogen generation. Nature 612, 673–678 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-022-05379-5
X. Zhang, X. Zhao, P. Zhu, Z. Adler, Z.-Y. Wu, Y. Liu, H. Wang, Electrochemical oxygen reduction to hydrogen peroxide at practical rates in strong acidic media. Nat. Commun. 13, 1–11 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-30337-0
Hydrogen generation from biomass by pyrolysis. Nat. Rev. Methods Prim. (2022) https://doi.org/10.1038/s43586-022-00113-x
F.H. Alkallas, A.M. Elsayed, A. Ben Gouider Trabelsi, S. AlFaify, M. Shkir, T.A. Alrebdi, S. Almugren, K. Kusmatsev, F.V. Rabia, Impact of rolled graphene oxide grown on polyaniline for photodetection: future challenging opto-device. Coatings 13, 437 (2023). https://doi.org/10.3390/COATINGS13020437
A.M. Elsayed, F.H. Alkallas, A.B.G. Trabelsi, S. AlFaify, M. Shkir, T.A. Alrebdi, K.S. Almugren, F.V. Kusmatsev, M. Rabia, Photodetection enhancement via graphene oxide deposition on poly 3-methyl aniline. Micromachines 14, 606 (2023). https://doi.org/10.3390/MI14030606
M. Rabia, N.M.A. Hadia, O.M. Farid, A.A.A. Abdelazeez, S.H. Mohamed, M. Shaban, Poly(m-toluidine)/rolled graphene oxide nanocomposite photocathode for hydrogen generation from wastewater. Int. J. Energy Res. 46, 11943–11956 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1002/ER.7963
H. Mostafa, A.M. Ahmed, M. Shaban, A.A. Abdel-Khaliek, F. Hasan, F. Mohammed Alzahrani, M. Rabia, Design and characterization of nanostructured Ag2O-Ag/Au based on Al2O3 Template membrane for photoelectrochemical water splitting and hydrogen generation. Photonics 9, 968 (2022). https://doi.org/10.3390/PHOTONICS9120968
M.M. Doroodmand, S. Owji, Alternate layer by layered self assembly of conjugated and unconjugated salen based nanowires as capacitive pseudo supercapacitor. Sci. Rep. 11, 1–8 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-98288-y
X. Xiao, B. Han, G. Chen, L. Wang, Y. Wang, Preparation and electrochemical performances of carbon sphere@ZnO core-shell nanocomposites for supercapacitor applications. Sci. Rep. 7, 1–13 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep40167
F. Cao, W. Tian, M. Wang, M. Wang, L. Li, Stability enhancement of lead-free CsSnI3 perovskite photodetector with reductive ascorbic acid additive. InfoMat 2, 577–584 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/INF2.12074
X. Feng, Y. He, W. Qu, J. Song, W. Pan, M. Tan, B. Yang, H. Wei, Spray-coated perovskite hemispherical photodetector featuring narrow-band and wide-angle imaging. Nat. Commun. 13, 1–9 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-33934-1
A. Gamal, M. Alruqi, M. Rabia, CsPbI3 lead and CsSnI3 lead-free perovskite materials for solar cell device. Int. J. Energy Res. (2022). https://doi.org/10.1002/ER.8742
A.A.A. Abdelazeez, G.A. El-Fatah, M. Shaban, A.M. Ahmed, M.I.T.O. Rabia, Poly-3-methylaniline/Au electrode for electrochemical water splitting and dye removal. ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol. 10, 123009 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1149/2162-8777/AC3D1A
M. Rabia, S.H. Mohamed, H. Zhao, M. Shaban, Y. Lei, A.M. Ahmed, TiO2/TiOxNY hollow mushrooms-like nanocomposite photoanode for hydrogen electrogeneration. J. Porous Mater. 27, 133–139 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10934-019-00792-0
M. Rabia, H.S.H. Mohamed, M. Shaban, S. Taha, Preparation of polyaniline/PbS core-shell nano/microcomposite and its application for photocatalytic H2 electrogeneration from H2O. Sci. Rep. 8, 1107 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-19326-w
A.M.A. El-Rahman, M. Rabia, S.H. Mohamed, Nitrogen doped TiO2 films for hydrogen generation and optoelectronic applications. J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 34, 1–9 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/S10854-023-10551-2
M. Rabia, A.M. Elsayed, M.A. Alnuwaiser, Cr2S3-Cr2O3/Poly-2-aminobenzene-1-thiol as a highly photocatalytic material for green hydrogen generation from sewage water. Micromachines 14, 1567 (2023). https://doi.org/10.3390/MI14081567
M. Shaban, M. Rabia, M.G. Eldakrory, R.M. Maree, A.M. Ahmed, Efficient photoselectrochemical hydrogen production utilizing of APbI3 (A = Na, Cs, and Li) perovskites nanorods. International Journal of Energy Research (2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/er.6326
W. Zhan, Z. Chen, J. Hu, X. Chen, Vertical CuO nanowires array electrodes: visible light sensitive photoelectrochemical biosensor of ethanol detection. Mater. Sci. Semiconduct. Process. 85, 90–97 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.MSSP.2018.06.002
J.-H. Kim, A. Katoch, S.-W. Choi, S.S. Kim, Growth and sensing properties of networked P-CuO nanowires. Sens. Actuators: B. Chem. (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.SNB.2014.12.081
Q.A. Akkerman, V. D’Innocenzo, S. Accornero, A. Scarpellini, A. Petrozza, M. Prato, L. Manna, Tuning the optical properties of cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals by anion exchange reactions. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 137, 10276–10281 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.5b05602
M.S.S. Fadel, M. Rabia, S. Ezzat, N. Mansour, E. Saeed, S.M. Sayyah, Effect of annealing temperature on VO2(M)/ITO film nanomaterials for thermochromic smart windows application and study its contact angle. J. Nanophotonics (2018). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JNP.12.016009
M. Nadafan, Z. Dehghani, Z. Shadrokh, Y.A. Abdi, Remarkable third-order nonlinear optical behavior of single-crystal bromide organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite. Opt. Laser Technol. 160, 109055 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.OPTLASTEC.2022.109055
Z. Rehman ur, M.A. Rehman, H. Chaudhry, M. Awais, Ab initio insight into the structural, vibrational, electronic, optical, magnetic, and thermal properties of lead-free perovskite Cs3Sb2Cl9 for solar cell application. J. Phys. Chem. Solids 182, 111548 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JPCS.2023.111548
A. Almohammedi, M. Shaban, H. Mostafa, M. Rabia, Nanoporous TiN/TiO2/alumina membrane for photoelectrochemical hydrogen production from sewage water. Nanomaterials 11, 2617 (2021). https://doi.org/10.3390/NANO11102617
H.H. Omar, B.M. Abdullatif, M.M. El-Kazan, A.M. El-Gendy, Red Sea water and biochemical composition of seaweeds at Southern Coast of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Life Sci. J. 10, 1073–1080 (2013)
A. Naldoni, U. Guler, Z. Wang, M. Marelli, F. Malara, X. Meng, L.V. Besteiro, A.O. Govorov, A.V. Kildishev, A. Boltasseva et al., Broadband hot-electron collection for solar water splitting with plasmonic titanium nitride. Adv. Opt. Mater. 5, 1601031 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1002/adom.201601031
C.C. Stoumpos, C.D. Malliakas, M.G. Kanatzidis, Semiconducting tin and lead iodide perovskites with Organic cations: phase transitions, high mobilities, and near-infrared photoluminescent properties. Inorg. Chem. 52, 9019–9038 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1021/ic401215x
S.A. Hameed, H.A. Ewais, M. Rabia, Dumbbell-like shape Fe2O3/Poly-2-aminothiophenol nanocomposite for two-symmetric electrode supercapacitor application. J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 34, 1–8 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/S10854-023-10586-5/METRICS
J. Zhang, C. Yu, L. Wang, Y. Li, Y. Ren, K. Shum, Energy barrier at the N719-dye/CsSnI3 interface for photogenerated holes in dye-sensitized solar cells. Sci. Rep. 4, 1–6 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep06954
X. Huang, M. Zhang, R. Sun, G. Long, Y. Liu, W. Zhao, Enhanced hydrogen evolution from CuOx-C/TiO2 with multiple electron transport pathways. PLOS ONE 14, e0215339 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0215339
V. Ragupathi, M.A. Raja, P. Panigrahi, N. Ganapathi Subramaniam, CuO/g-C3N4 nanocomposite as promising photocatalyst for photoelectrochemical water splitting. Optik 208, 164569 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IJLEO.2020.164569
S. Masudy-Panah, R.S. Moakhar, C.S. Chua, H.R. Tan, T.I. Wong, D. Chi, G.K. Dalapati, Nanocrystal engineering of sputter-grown CuO photocathode for visible-light-driven electrochemical water splitting. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 8, 1206–1213 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1021/ACSAMI.5B09613
L. Jin, B. AlOtaibi, D. Benetti, S. Li, H. Zhao, Z. Mi, A. Vomiero, F. Rosei, Near-infrared colloidal quantum dots for efficient and durable photoelectrochemical solar-driven hydrogen production. Adv. Sci. 3, 1500345 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1002/ADVS.201500345
J. Li, X. Jin, R. Li, Y. Zhao, X. Wang, X. Liu, H. Jiao, Copper oxide nanowires for efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting. Appl. Catal. B 240, 1–8 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/J.APCATB.2018.08.070
M. Ebaid, J.-H. Kang, S.-W. Ryu, Controlled synthesis of GaN-based nanowires for photoelectrochemical water splitting applications. Semicond. Sci. Technol. 32, 013001 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1088/0268-1242/32/1/013001
E. Baran Aydin, Fabrication and characterization of CuO nanostructures: applications in electrocatalytic hydrogen production. Çukurova Univ. J. Fac. Eng. Archit. 35, 127–138 (2020)
B.D. Sherman, D.L. Ashford, A.M. Lapides, M.V. Sheridan, K.-R. Wee, T.J. Meyer, Light-driven water splitting with a molecular electroassembly-based core/shell photoanode. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 6, 3213–3217 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1021/ACS.JPCLETT.5B01370
G. Liu, S.K. Karuturi, H. Chen, D. Wang, J.W. Ager, A.N. Simonov, A. Tricoli, Enhancement of the photoelectrochemical water splitting by perovskite BiFeO3 via interfacial engineering. Sol. Energy 202, 198–203 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2020.03.117
E. Freeman, S. Kumar, S.R. Thomas, H. Pickering, D.J. Fermin, S. Eslava, PrFeO3 photocathodes prepared through spray pyrolysis. ChemElectroChem 7, 1365–1372 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1002/celc.201902005
H. Uchiyama, K. Isobe, H. Kozuka, Preparation of porous CuO films from Cu(NO3)2 aqueous solutions containing poly(vinylpyrrolidone) and their photocathodic properties. RSC Adv. (2017). https://doi.org/10.1039/c6ra26590a
K.D. Modibane, N.J. Waleng, K.E. Ramohlola, T.C. Maponya, G.R. Monama, K. Makgopa, M.J. Hato, Poly(3-aminobenzoic acid) decorated with cobalt zeolitic benzimidazolate framework for electrochemical production of clean hydrogen. Polymers 12, 1581 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/polym12071581
L. Zhenhu, F. Shuanglong, L. Shuangyi, L. Xin, W. Liang, L. Wenqiang, A three-dimensional interconnected hierarchical FeOOH/TiO2/ZnO nanostructural photoanode for enhancing the performance of photoelectrochemical water oxidation. Nanoscale. 7, 19178–19183 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1039/C5NR06212H
Z. Wang, D. Cao, L. Wen, R. Xu, M. Obergfell, Y. Mi, Z. Zhan, N. Nasori, J. Demsar, Y. Lei, Manipulation of charge transfer and transport in plasmonic-ferroelectric hybrids for photoelectrochemical applications. Nat. Commun. 7, 1–8 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms10348
M. Shaban, M. Rabia, A.M.A. El-Sayed, A. Ahmed, S. Sayed, Photocatalytic properties of PbS/graphene oxide/polyaniline electrode for hydrogen generation. Sci. Rep. 7, 1–13 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-14582-8
Acknowledgements
The Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR) at King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia has funded this Project under grant no (G: 026-130-1443).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
All the authors have shared well in this manuscript. All authors approve this submission.
Corresponding authors
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Al Angari, Y.M., Ewais, H.A. & Rabia, M. Hydrogen generation from Red Sea water using CsSnI2Cl lead-free perovskite/porous CuO nanomaterials: Coast of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 34, 2160 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-023-11597-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-023-11597-y