Abstract
The new spinel ferrite has garnered significant attention and has piqued the broadest interest among scientists due to its versatile and promising features, as well as its wide range of applications. In this study, we outline the process of synthesizing nano-sized Li–Cr ferrite powder, which exhibits remarkable dielectric relaxor activity when exposed to elevated temperatures. The study primarily focuses on investigating the structural, electrical, and optical properties of these Li–Cr ferrite particles. X-ray diffraction measurements confirmed the well-arranged inverse-cubic spinel structure of the material. The sample’s nanostructural properties were examined using scanning electron microscopy. The sample’s well-organized inverse-cubic spinel structure was confirmed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy examinations. The optical properties of our sample, as measured by UV–Visible spectroscopy, revealed a bandgap value of 2.6 eV makes it interesting for optoelectronic applications. The investigation focused on dielectric relaxation and electrical characteristics using impedance spectroscopy. It was shown that the AC conductivity follows Jonscher’s law, and the Non-overlapping Small-Polaron Tunneling model was developed to elucidate the conduction mechanism. The impedance spectra’s Nyquist plot confirmed the presence of grain boundary relaxation in the temperature ranges of 300–370 K and 560–660 K. Additionally, the interface, consisting of both the grain boundary and electrode effect, had a substantial influence between 380 and 550 K. An appreciable value for the temperature coefficient of resistance is observed. The results obtained demonstrate that the synthesized powder is well-suited for utilization in high-energy storage, low-temperature co-fired ceramics technology and bolometer applications.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
Data will be made available on reasonable request.
References
S. Diodati, R.I. Walton, S. Mascotto, S. Gross, Inorg. Chem. Front. 7, 3282 (2020)
A.K.M. Akther Hossain, M.R. Amin, H. Tanaka, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 334, 124 (2013)
K. Mohit, V.R. Gupta, N. Gupta, S.K. Rout, Ceram. Int. 40, 1575 (2014)
J. Massoudi, O. Messaoudi, S. Gharbi, T. Mnasri, E. Dhahri, K. Khirouni, E.K. Hlil, L. Alfhaid, L. Manai, A. Azhary, J. Phys. Chem. C 126, 2857 (2022)
M.A. Ahmed, E. Dhahri, S.I. El-Dek, M.S. Ayoub, Solid State Sci. 20, 23 (2013)
M.A. Njoroge, N.M. Kirimi, K.P. Kuria, Crit. Rev. Solid State Mater. Sci. 47, 807 (2022)
S. Rana, A. Gallo, R.S. Srivastava, R.D.K. Misra, Acta Biomater. 3, 233 (2007)
M. Amiri, M. Salavati-Niasari, A. Akbari, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 265, 29 (2019)
K.K. Kefeni, B.B. Mamba, Sustain. Mater. Technol. 23, e00140 (2020)
D.H.K. Reddy, Y.-S. Yun, Coord. Chem. Rev. 315, 90 (2016)
M.A. Mahdi, S.R. Yousefi, L.S. Jasim, M. Salavati-Niasari, Int. J. Hydrog Energy. 47, 14319 (2022)
S.R. Yousefi, O. Amiri, M. Salavati-Niasari, Ultrason. Sonochem. 58, 104619 (2019)
S.R. Yousefi, M. Masjedi-Arani, M.S. Morassaei, M. Salavati-Niasari, H. Moayedi, Int. J. Hydrog Energy. 44, 24005 (2019)
P. Mehdizadeh, M. Jamdar, M.A. Mahdi, W.K. Abdulsahib, L.S. Jasim, S.R. Yousefi, M. Salavati-Niasari, Arab. J. Chem. 16, 104579 (2023)
J. Massoudi, M. Smari, K. Nouri, E. Dhahri, K. Khirouni, S. Bertaina, L. Bessais, E.K. Hlil, RSC Adv. 10, 34556 (2020)
S.R. Yousefi, H.A. Alshamsi, O. Amiri, M. Salavati-Niasari, J. Mol. Liq. 337, 116405 (2021)
J. Massoudi, D. Bouekkeze, A. Bougoffa, K. Khirouni, E. Dhahri, L. Bessais, Adv. Powder Technol. 31, 4714 (2020)
J. Massoudi, M. Smari, K. Khirouni, E. Dhahri, L. Bessais, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 528, 167806 (2021)
R.P. Patil, A.D. Pinjarkar, D.J. Sathe, A.S. Chavan, S.D. Delekar, P.P. Hankare, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 27, 1574 (2016)
P.P. Mohapatra, P. Dobbidi, J. Phys. Chem. C 125, 14014 (2021)
G. Lan, L. Shen, L. Lu, C. Cao, C. Jiang, H. Fu, C. You, X. Lu, C. Ma, M. Liu, C.-L. Jia, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 10, 39422 (2018)
M.G. El-Shaarawy, M.M. Rashad, N.M. Shash, M.H. Maklad, F.A. Afifi, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 26, 6040 (2015)
D. Bouokkeze, J. Massoudi, W. Hzez, M. Smari, A. Bougoffa, K. Khirouni, E. Dhahri, L. Bessais, RSC Adv. 9, 40940 (2019)
F. Gandomi, S.M. Peymani-Motlagh, M. Rostami, A. Sobhani-Nasab, M. Fasihi-Ramandi, M. Eghbali-Arani, R. Ahmadian, N. Gholipour, M. Rahimi-Nasrabadi, M.R. Ganjali, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 30, 19691 (2019)
P.P. Mohapatra, P. Dobbidi, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 500, 166354 (2020)
S.A. Mazen, N.I. Abu-Elsaad, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 324, 3366 (2012)
P.P. Hankare, R.P. Patil, U.B. Sankpal, S.D. Jadhav, I.S. Mulla, K.M. Jadhav, B.K. Chougule, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 321, 3270 (2009)
A. daim Jeidd, A. Bougoffa, A. Benali, A. Trabelsi, E. Dhahri, K. Khirouni, Ionics 29, 603 (2022)
M.K. Fayek, S.S. Ata-Allah, Phys. Status Solidi A 198, 457 (2003)
A.M. Gismelseed, A.A. Yousif, Phys. B Condens. Matter. 370, 215 (2005)
S. Nasir, M. Anis-ur-Rehman, M.A. Malik, Phys. Scr. 83, 025602 (2011)
S.F. Mansour, M.A. Abdo, F.L. Kzar, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 465, 176 (2018)
M.M. Costa, R.S.T.M. Sohn, A.A.M. Macêdo, S.E. Mazzetto, M.P.F. Graça, A.S.B. Sombra, J. Alloys Compd. 509, 9466 (2011)
M. Tabuchi, K. Ado, H. Kobayashi, I. Matsubara, H. Kageyama, M. Wakita, S. Tsutsui, S. Nasu, Y. Takeda, C. Masquelier, A. Hirano, R. Kanno, J. Solid State Chem. 141, 554 (1998)
S.R. Yousefi, M. Ghanbari, O. Amiri, Z. Marzhoseyni, P. Mehdizadeh, M. Hajizadeh-Oghaz, M. Salavati‐Niasari, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 104, 2952 (2021)
M.A. Dar, J. Shah, W.A. Siddiqui, R.K. Kotnala, J. Alloys Compd. 523, 36 (2012)
S.R. Yousefi, A. Sobhani, M. Salavati-Niasari, Adv. Powder Technol. 28, 1258 (2017)
S.R. Yousefi, D. Ghanbari, M. Salavati-Niasari, M. Hassanpour, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 27, 1244 (2016)
Y. Lin, J. Dong, J. Dai, J. Wang, H. Yang, H. Zong, Inorg. Chem. 56, 14960 (2017)
R.S.T.M. Sohn, A.A.M. Macêdo, M.M. Costa, S.E. Mazzetto, A.S.B. Sombra, Phys. Scr. 82, 055702 (2010)
A.E. Barantchikov, V.K. Ivanov, N.N. Oleynikov, Y.D. Tretyakov, Mendeleev Commun. 14, 143 (2004)
S.R. Yousefi, A. Sobhani, H.A. Alshamsi, M. Salavati-Niasari, RSC Adv. 11, 11500 (2021)
F.O. Ernst, H.K. Kammler, A. Roessler, S.E. Pratsinis, W.J. Stark, J. Ufheil, P. Novák, Mater. Chem. Phys. 101, 372 (2007)
G. Lal, K. Punia, S.N. Dolia, P.A. Alvi, S. Dalela, S. Kumar, Ceram. Int. 45, 5837 (2019)
F. Elleuch, M. Triki, M. Bekri, E. Dhahri, E.K. Hlil, J. Alloys Compd. 620, 249 (2015)
A. Hadded, J. Massoudi, E. Dhahri, K. Khirouni, B.F.O. Costa, RSC Adv. 10, 42542 (2020)
S. Chander, S. Kumar, A. Krishnamurthy, B.K. Srivastava, V.K. Aswal, Pramana. 61, 617 (2003)
S. Tiwari, G. Lal, H. Bhoi, K. Punia, S. Singh, Meena, S. Kumar, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 570, 170466 (2023)
M. Amghar, A. Bougoffa, A. Trabelsi, A. Oueslati, E. Dhahri, RSC Adv. 12, 15848 (2022)
N. Amri, J. Massoudi, K. Nouri, M. Triki, E. Dhahri, L. Bessais, RSC Adv. 11, 13256 (2021)
R.D. Waldron, Phys. Rev. 99, 1727 (1955)
A. Thakur, P. Kumar, P. Thakur, K. Rana, A. Chevalier, J.-L. Mattei, P. Queffélec, Ceram. Int. 42, 10664 (2016)
K. Saidi, M. Dammak, RSC Adv. 10, 21867 (2020)
I. El Heda, J. Massoudi, R. Dhahri, E. Dhahri, F. Bahri, K. khirouni, B.F.O. Costa, J. Alloys Compd. 931, 167479 (2023)
G. Lal, K. Punia, S.N. Dolia, P.A. Alvi, B.L. Choudhary, S. Kumar, J. Alloys Compd. 828, 154388 (2020)
P.A. Mangrulkar, V. Polshettiwar, N.K. Labhsetwar, R.S. Varma, S.S. Rayalu, Nanoscale. 4, 5202 (2012)
P. Chand, S. Vaish, P. Kumar, Phys. B Condens. Matter. 524, 53 (2017)
A. Manikandan, J.J. Vijaya, M. Sundararajan, C. Meganathan, L.J. Kennedy, M. Bououdina, Superlattices Microstruct. 64, 118 (2013)
S. Şenkul, R. Taş, S. Sönmezoğlu, M. Can, Int. J. Polym. Anal. Charact. 17, 257 (2012)
A. Dhahri, F.I.H. Rhouma, J. Dhahri, E. Dhahri, M.A. Valente, Solid State Commun. 151, 738 (2011)
A. Omri, M. Bejar, E. Dhahri, M. Es-Souni, M.A. Valente, M.P.F. Graça, L.C. Costa, J. Alloys Compd. 536, 173 (2012)
A. Selmi, S. Hcini, H. Rahmouni, A. Omri, M.L. Bouazizi, A. Dhahri, Phase Transit. 90, 942 (2017)
R. Lahouli, J. Massoudi, M. Smari, H. Rahmouni, K. Khirouni, E. Dhahri, L. Bessais, RSC Adv. 9, 19949 (2019)
H. Zheng, W. Weng, G. Han, P. Du, J. Phys. Chem. C 117, 12966 (2013)
H. Chouaya, M. Smari, I. Walha, E. Dhahri, M.P.F. Graça, M.A. Valente, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 451, 344 (2018)
H. Rahmouni, M. Smari, B. Cherif, E. Dhahri, K. Khirouni, Dalton Trans. 44, 10457 (2015)
G.R. Gajula, K.N. Chidambara Kumar, L.R. Buddiga, N. Vattikunta, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 30, 3889 (2019)
S.B. Amor, A. Benali, M. Bejar, E. Dhahri, K. Khirouni, M.A. Valente, M.P.F. Graça, F. Al-Turjman, J. Rodriguez, A. Radwan, J. Mol. Struct. 1184, 298 (2019)
R. Charguia, S. Hcini, M. Boudard, A. Dhahri, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 30, 2975 (2019)
S.K. Mandal, S. Singh, P. Dey, J.N. Roy, P.R. Mandal, T.K. Nath, J. Alloys Compd. 656, 887 (2016)
R.M. Hill, L.A. Dissado, J. Phys. C Solid State Phys. 18, 3829 (1985)
M.E. Hajlaoui, R. Dhahri, N. Hnainia, A. Benchaabane, E. Dhahri, K. Khirouni, Mater. Sci. Eng. B 262, 114683 (2020)
R.K. Panda, R. Muduli, S.K. Kar, D. Behera, J. Alloys Compd. 615, 899 (2014)
M. Prabu, S. Selvasekarapandian, Mater. Chem. Phys. 134, 366 (2012)
A. Mishra, S.N. Choudhary, K. Prasad, R.N.P. Choudhary, Phys. B Condens. Matter. 406, 3279 (2011)
H. Chouaibi, J. Khelifi, A. Benali, E. Dhahri, M.A. Valente, A. koumina, J. Alloys Compd. 839, 155601 (2020)
Y. Marouani, J. Massoudi, M. Noumi, A. Benali, E. Dhahri, P. Sanguino, M.P.F. Graça, M.A. Valente, B.F.O. Costa, RSC Adv. 11, 1531 (2021)
V.G. Ivanov, M.V. Abrashev, M.N. Iliev, M.M. Gospodinov, J. Meen, M.I. Aroyo, Phys. Rev. B 82, 024104 (2010)
P. Manimuthu, R. Vidya, P. Ravindran, H. Fjellvåg, C. Venkateswaran, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 17, 17688 (2015)
A.M. Babeer, M.S. Abd El-sadek, A.E. Mahmoud, A.S. Afify, J.M. Tulliani, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 27, 7622 (2016)
Z. Raddaoui, S.E. Kossi, J. Dhahri, N. Abdelmoula, K. Taibi, RSC Adv. 9, 2412 (2019)
M. Smari, H. Rahmouni, N. Elghoul, I. Walha, E. Dhahri, K. Khirouni, RSC Adv. 5, 2177 (2015)
K. Uchino, S. Nomura, Ferroelectrics. 44, 55 (1982)
Funding
The authors have not disclosed any funding.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
All authors certify that they have participated sufficiently in the work to take public responsibility for the content, including participation in the concept, analysis, design, and writing. The final manuscript was read and approved by all authors.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
On behalf of all authors, the corresponding author states that there is no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Layaida, I., Massoudi, J., Dhahri, R. et al. Characterization of LiCr2Fe3O8 ferrite spinel prepared by sol gel autocombustion: insights into structural, optical, and dielectric properties. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 34, 2152 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-023-11596-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-023-11596-z