Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Biodegradable cellulosic substrates modified with conductive polypyrrole nanoparticles: investigation of electrical and physicochemical properties and ability to detect temperature and humidity

  • Published:
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this study, cellulosic substrates (cellulose with porosity of 5 μm (Cel5) and 50 μm (Cel50)) were coated with nanostructured conductive polypyrrole (PPy). For the synthesis of polypyrrole on cellulosic substrates, chemical solution deposition (CSD) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) methods were used. The effect of substrate type, synthesis method, and FeCl3 concentration (as oxidant in polymerization) on the electrical, mechanical, and structural properties of cellulosic substrates was investigated. Cellulose substrates modified with nanostructured polypyrrole were used to detect ambient temperature and humidity. The obtained results showed that polypyrrole particles with dimensions of 40 to 120 nm were synthesized on the substrates. FTIR results confirmed the synthesis of polypyrrole particles and electrostatic interactions between cellulose and polypyrrole. The synthesis of polypyrrole was better and easier in the solution phase than in the vapor phase. The flexibility and tensile strength of the substrates were affected by the synthesis of polypyrrole and the flexibility of the films decreased in the presence of polypyrrole. The synthesis of polypyrrole on the cellulose substrate significantly reduced the solubility and permeability to water vapor. The synthesis of polypyrrole caused the ability to conduct electricity on cellulosic substrates so that the synthesis in the solution phase created better electrical conductivity. As the concentration of FeCl3 as an oxidant increased, the synthesis of polypyrrole increased and the electrical conductivity was improved. Cellulose modified with polypyrrole showed the ability to measure temperature and humidity. So that in the temperature range of 30 to 90 °C and humidity of 30 to 50%, cellulose substrates were able to easily detect changes in temperature and humidity.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are not publicly available but are available from the corresponding author at reasonable request.

References

  1. M. Shen, B. Song, G. Zeng, Y. Zhang, W. Huang, X. Wen, W. Tang, Are biodegradable plastics a promising solution to solve the global plastic pollution? Environ. Pollut. 263, 114469 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. B.B. Jones, I.O. Okokon, A.E. Offiong, Advances in the modification of natural polymers for applications in food packaging and preservation. Int. J. Res. Sci. Eng. 2(04), 1–9 (2022)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. H.L. Chen, T.K. Nath, S. Chong, V. Foo, C. Gibbins, A.M. Lechner, The plastic waste problem in Malaysia: management, recycling and disposal of local and global plastic waste. SN Appl. Sci. 3, 1–15 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Le D. Bras, M. Strømme, A. Mihranyan, Characterization of dielectric properties of nanocellulose from wood and algae for electrical insulator applications. J. Phys. Chem. B 119(18), 5911–5917 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. P. Jusner, E. Schwaiger, A. Potthast, T. Rosenau, Thermal stability of cellulose insulation in electrical power transformers—a review. Carbohydr. Polym. 252, 117196 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. S. Pirsa, S. Asadi, Innovative smart and biodegradable packaging for margarine based on a nano composite polylactic acid/lycopene film. Food Addit. Contaminants: Part A 38(5), 856–869 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. D.A. Gregory, L. Tripathi, A.T. Fricker, E. Asare, I. Orlando, V. Raghavendran, I. Roy, Bacterial cellulose: a smart biomaterial with diverse applications. Mater. Sci. Eng.: R: Rep. 145, 100623 (2021)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. A.T. Vicente, A. Araújo, M.J. Mendes, D. Nunes, M.J. Oliveira, O. Sanchez-Sobrado, M.P. Ferreira, H. Águas, E. Fortunato, R. Martins, Multifunctional cellulose-paper for light harvesting and smart sensing applications. J. Mater. Chem. C 6(13), 3143–3181 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Y. Liu, S. Ahmed, D.E. Sameen, Y. Wang, R. Lu, J. Dai, S. Li, W. Qin, A review of cellulose and its derivatives in biopolymer-based for food packaging application. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 112, 532–546 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. O. Mahmoodpour, M. Esmaiili, S. Pirsa, Design and fabrication of a portable instrument based on elastic fiber/nano-polypyrrole for evaluating of tensile properties of food samples. J. Food Process Eng. 45(2), e13946 (2022)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. S. Pirsa, Å. Tağı, M. Rezaei, Detection of authentication of milk by nanostructure conducting polypyrrole-ZnO. J. Electron. Mater. 50, 3406–3414 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. T. Wang, Y. Zhang, Q. Liu, W. Cheng, X. Wang, L. Pan, B. Xu, H. Xu, A self-healable, highly stretchable, and solution processable conductive polymer composite for ultrasensitive strain and pressure sensing. Adv. Funct. Mater. 28(7), 1705551 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. S. Pirsa, N. Alizadeh, Nanoporous conducting polypyrrole gas sensor coupled to a gas chromatograph for determination of aromatic hydrocarbons using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction method. IEEE Sens. J. 11(12), 3400–3405 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. N. Alizadeh, S. Pirsa, A. Mani-Varnosfaderani, M.S. Alizadeh, Design and fabrication of open-tubular array gas sensors based on conducting polypyrrole modified with crown ethers for simultaneous determination of alkylamines. IEEE Sens. J. 15(7), 4130–4136 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. S. Pirsa, H. Heidari, J. Lotfi, Design selective gas sensors based on nano-sized polypyrrole/polytetrafluoroethylene and polypropylene membranes. IEEE Sens. J. 16(9), 2922–2928 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. S. Pirsa, N. Alizadeh, Rapid determination of pyridine derivatives by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction coupled with gas chromatography/gas sensor based on nanostructured conducting polypyrrole. Talanta. 87, 249–254 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. L. Benny Mattam, A. Bijoy, D. Abraham Thadathil, L. George, A. Varghese, Conducting polymers: a versatile material for biomedical applications. ChemistrySelect. 7(42), e202201765 (2022)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. N. Alizadeh, A.A. Ataei, S. Pirsa, Nanostructured conducting polypyrrole film prepared by chemical vapor deposition on the interdigital electrodes at room temperature under atmospheric condition and its application as gas sensor. J. Iran. Chem. Soc. 12, 1585–1594 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. S. Pirsa, Fabrication of 1, 1-dimethylhydrazine gas sensor based on nano structure conducting polyaniline. J. Sci. Islamic Repub. Iran. 24(3), 209–215 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  20. S. Pirsa, Design of a portable gas chromatography with a conducting polymer nanocomposite detector device and a method to analyze a gas mixture. J. Sep. Sci. 40(8), 1724–1730 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. J. Zheng, J. Huang, Q. Yang, C. Ni, X. Xie, Y. Shi, J. Sun, F. Zhu, G. Ouyang, Fabrications of novel solid phase microextraction fiber coatings based on new materials for high enrichment capability. TRAC Trends Anal. Chem. 108, 135–153 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. S. Pirsa, H. Heidari, Soft polymerization of polypyrrole-ZnO and polypyrrole-V2O5 nanocomposites and their application as selective gas sensor. Sens. Lett. 15(1), 19–24 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. S. Pirsa, R. Dalili, A. Imanlou, A. Babaie, Surface modification of acrylic fiber by polyaniline-ZnO nanocomposite and its application as a portable gas sensor. Sens. Lett. 15(4), 345–350 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. K. Khwaldia, Physical and mechanical properties of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose–coated paper as affected by coating weight and coating composition. BioResources. 8(3), 3438–3452 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. M. Lay, I. González, J.A. Tarrés, N. Pellicer, K.N. Bun, F. Vilaseca, High electrical and electrochemical properties in bacterial cellulose/polypyrrole membranes. Eur. Polymer J. 91, 1–9 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. D. Muller, C.R. Rambo, L.M. Porto, W.H. Schreiner, G.M. Barra, Structure and properties of polypyrrole/bacterial cellulose nanocomposites. Carbohydr. Polym. 94(1), 655–662 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. F. Khan, P. Manivasagan, D.T.N. Pham, J. Oh, S.K. Kim, Y.M. Kim, Antibiofilm and antivirulence properties of chitosan-polypyrrole nanocomposites to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Microbial Pathog. 128, 363–373 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. C.T. Vasques, S.C. Domenech, P.L. Barreto, V. Soldi, Polypyrrole-modified starch films: structural, thermal, morphological and electrical characterization. e-Polymers 10(1), 026 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. J. Liu, Z. Wang, J. Zhu, Binder-free nitrogen-doped carbon paper electrodes derived from polypyrrole/cellulose composite for Li–O2 batteries. J. Power Sources. 306, 559–566 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. S. Pirsa, T. Shamusi, Intelligent and active packaging of chicken thigh meat by conducting nano structure cellulose-polypyrrole-ZnO film. Mater. Sci. Eng.: C 102, 798–809 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. S. Krishnaswamy, P. Panigrahi, P. Ramakrishnan, S. Sofini, G.S. Nagarajan, Enhanced UV emissions in polypyrrole/PVA composite for smart apparels. Optik 266, 169596 (2022)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. R. Turczyn, K. Krukiewicz, A. Katunin, J. Sroka, P. Sul, Fabrication and application of electrically conducting composites for electromagnetic interference shielding of remotely piloted aircraft systems. Compos. Struct. 232, 111498 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. X. Zhang, J. Zhao, T. Xia, Q. Li, C. Ao, Q. Wang, W. Zhang, C. Lu, Y. Deng, Hollow polypyrrole/cellulose hydrogels for high-performance flexible supercapacitors. Energy Storage Mater. 31, 135–145 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Y. Lei, X. Qian, J. Shen, X. An, Integrated reductive/adsorptive detoxification of cr (VI)-contaminated water by polypyrrole/cellulose fiber composite. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 51(31), 10408–10415 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. S. Pirsa, Fast determination of water content of some organic solvents by smart sensor based on PPy-Ag nanoco. Nanosci. Nanotechnol.-Asia 6(2), 119–127 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. X. Li, Q. Sun, Y. Kan, Y. Zhu, Z. Pang, M. Li, Y. Jin, Self-powered humidity sensor based on polypyrrole/melamine aerogel for real-time humidity monitoring. IEEE Sens. J. 21(3), 2604–2609 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. El A. Guerraf, S. Ben Jadi, N.K. Bakirhan, M.E. Kiymaci, M. Bazzaoui, S.A. Ozkan, E.A. Bazzaoui, Antibacterial activity and volatile organic compounds sensing property of polypyrrole-coated cellulosic paper for food packaging purpose. Polym. Bull. 79(12), 11543–11566 (2022)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

The author(s) received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Miyaneh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Miyaneh, Iran

    Aydin Vahdattalab & Ali Khani

  2. Department of Food Science and Technology Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran

    Sajad Pirsa

Authors
  1. Aydin Vahdattalab
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ali Khani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Sajad Pirsa
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

AK conceived of the presented idea. AV developed the theory and performed the computations. SP and AK verified the analytical methods. AV discussed the results and contributed to the final manuscript. AV out the experiment. SP wrote the manuscript and revised it.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ali Khani.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

There is not any Conflict of interest between authors. The authors whose names are listed in the manuscript certify that they have NO affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial interest (such as honoraria; educational grants; participation in speakers’ bureaus; membership, employment, consultancies, stock ownership, or other equity interest; and expert testimony or patent-licensing arrangements), or non-financial interest (such as personal or professional relationships, affiliations, knowledge or beliefs) in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.

Ethical approval

Not applicable.

Consent for publication

Not applicable.

Additional information

Publisher’s Note

Springer nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Vahdattalab, A., Khani, A. & Pirsa, S. Biodegradable cellulosic substrates modified with conductive polypyrrole nanoparticles: investigation of electrical and physicochemical properties and ability to detect temperature and humidity. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 34, 2036 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-023-11448-w

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-023-11448-w

Search

Navigation