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Diluted magnetic semiconductor behavior in Co- and Gd-co-doped ZnO nanotubes for spintronic applications

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Abstract

ZnO nanotubes were produced via co-precipitation, and the effects of Co and Gd on their structural, magnetic, and dielectric properties were reported. Utilizing Co and Gd into ZnO decreased the crystallization rate while maintaining the optimal symmetry, as shown by the results. The morphology of the synthesized nanotubes was shown to be unaffected by the Co and Gd dopants, as determined by transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy analyses. It was also shown that the dielectric constant and dielectric loss values increased with decreasing frequency and concentration of the Gd co-dopant. Doping was discovered to have an inverse relationship with the dielectric constant and the ac electrical conductivity reaction. Finally, ferromagnetic characteristics were observed in Co- and Gd-co-doped ZnO nanotubes at 300 K. The ferromagnetic reaction improved as Co and Gd co-doping was raised to 4%. Since then, increasing the Gd co-doping has resulted in a reduced ferromagnetic reaction. Electrical conductivity for the same material (Zn0.92Co0.04Gd0.04O nanotubes) was shown to be superior to pure and less in Co–Gd-co-doped ZnO. Magnetic impurities doped into the ZnO side often account for its high ferromagnetism. Given the properties of these nanotubes, they have potential applications in spintronics.

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Data availability

On reasonable request, the corresponding author will make available the datasets used and/or created during this investigation. The experimental work and language of the manuscript are also unique. There was no evidence of plagiarism in the submitted manuscript. If the reviewer insists on seeing the evidence, we would gladly deliver it to them in a plagiarized form.

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Acknowledgements

Muhammad Adil Mahmood, Khaled Althubeiti, Sherzod Sh. Abdullaev, Nasir Rahman, Mohammad Sohail, Shahid Iqbal, Kashif Safeen, Akif Safeen, Aurangzeb Khan, and Rajwali Khan equally contributed to this article and all the authors acknowledge the financial support from Taif University for sponsorship and support. We also acknowledge the support and guidance provided by Taif University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, University of Lakki Marwat, Lakki Marwat, KP, 28420, Pakistan

    Muhammad Adil Mahmood, Nasir Rahman, Mohammad Sohail & Rajwali Khan

  2. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. BOX. 110, 21944, Taif, Saudi Arabia

    Khaled Althubeiti

  3. Researcher, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, New Uzbekistan University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

    Sherzod Sh. Abdullaev

  4. Researcher of Scientific Department, Tashkent State Pedagogical University named after Nizami, Tashkent, Uzbekistan

    Sherzod Sh. Abdullaev

  5. Department of Physics, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

    Rajwali Khan

  6. Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA

    Shahid Iqbal

  7. Department of Physics, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, 23200, KP, Pakistan

    Kashif Safeen & Aurangzeb Khan

  8. Department of Physics, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Rawalakot, 12350, Pakistan

    Akif Safeen

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  1. Muhammad Adil Mahmood
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Contributions

This paper was written and revised collaboratively by MAM, KA, and SSA. NR, MS, SI, KS, AS, AK, and RK created the idea and submitted the paper.

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Correspondence to Rajwali Khan.

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Mahmood, M.A., Althubeiti, K., Abdullaev, S.S. et al. Diluted magnetic semiconductor behavior in Co- and Gd-co-doped ZnO nanotubes for spintronic applications. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 34, 1784 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-023-11181-4

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