Abstract
CaLa2(MoO4)4 ceramic material with a tetragonal scheelite structure was fabricated via a traditional solid-state reaction method. The CaLa2(MoO4)4 belongs to the tetragonal system of I41/a space group. Dense CaLa2(MoO4)4 ceramic can be formed at the optimal sintering temperature of 950 °C, and the sample exhibits good microwave dielectric properties of εr = 10.52, Qf = 37,497 GHz, τf = – 58 ppm/°C. The change of εr can be attributed to the density and Raman shift of ceramics, while the τf value can be attributed to the change of bond valence caused by the distribution of different ions at the A site. Raman spectroscopy reveals the correlation between microwave dielectric properties and lattice vibration of CaLa2(MoO4)4 ceramic. In addition, the compatibility between CaLa2(MoO4)4 ceramics and Ag was evaluated. These results indicate that CaLa2(MoO4)4 ceramics have broad prospects in LTCC applications.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
The authors confirm that the data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article.
References
M. Xiao, J. Lou, Y. Wei, P. Zhang, Crystal structure and microwave dielectric properties of MgZr1–xSnxNb2O8 ceramics. Ceram. Int. 44(1), 885–889 (2018)
H. Wu, E.S. Kim, Characterization of low loss microwave dielectric materials Li3Mg2NbO6 based on the chemical bond theory. J. Alloys Compd. 669, 134–140 (2016)
I.M. Reaney, D. Iddles, Microwave dielectric ceramics for resonators and filters in mobile phone networks. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 89(7), 2063–2072 (2006)
D. Zhou, L.X. Pang, D.W. Wang, C. Li, B.B. Jin, I.M. Reaney, High permittivity and low loss microwave dielectrics suitable for 5G resonators and low temperature co-fired ceramic architecture. J. Mater. Chem. C 5(38), 10094–10098 (2017)
P. Zhang, K. Sun, S. Wu, M. Xiao, Microwave dielectric properties of low temperature co-fired ceramics LiMg1−xAxPO4 (A = Mn, Ca, 0.02 ≤ x ≤ 0.08). Mater. Lett. 255, 126565 (2019)
W. Lou, M. Mao, K. Song, K. Xu, B. Liu, W. Li, B. Yang, Z. Qi, J. Zhao, S. Sun, H. Lin, Y. Hu, D. Zhou, D. Wang, I.M. Reaney, Low permittivity cordierite-based microwave dielectric ceramics for 5G/6G telecommunications. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 42(6), 2820–2826 (2022)
X.Q. Song, K. Du, Z.Y. Zou, Z.H. Chen, W.Z. Lu, S.H. Wang, W. Lei, Temperature-stable BaAl2Si2O8–Ba5Si8O21-based low-permittivity microwave dielectric ceramics for LTCC applications. Ceram. Int. 43, 14453–14456 (2017)
X.K. Lan, Z.Y. Zou, W.Z. Lu, J.H. Zhu, W. Lei, Phase transition and low-temperature sintering of Zn(Mn1−xAlx)2O4 ceramics for LTCC application. Ceram. Int. 42, 17731–17735 (2016)
C. Li, W. Wen, H. Xiang, L. Fang, Y. Sun, Low temperature sintering and microwave dielectric properties of Zn3Mo2O9 ceramic. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 29(3), 1907–1913 (2017)
H. Tian, X. Liu, Y. Yang, H. Wu, Z. Zhang, C. Structure, Infrared spectra, and microwave dielectric properties of Ce2(Zr0.94Sn0.06)3(MoO4)9 ceramics with low sintering temperature. Front. Mater. 7, 145 (2020)
Y. Ji, K. Song, X. Luo, B. Liu, H. Barzegar Bafrooei, D. Wang, Microwave dielectric properties of (1−x)Li2MoO4–xMg2SiO4 composite ceramics fabricated by cold sintering process. Front. Mater. 6, 256 (2019)
H. Yu, J. Liu, W. Zhang, S. Zhang, Ultra-low sintering temperature ceramics for LTCC applications: a review. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 26(12), 9414–9423 (2015)
M. Xiao, Y. Wei, H. Sun, J. Lou, P. Zhang, Crystal structure and microwave dielectric properties of low-permittivity Sr2MgSi2O7 ceramic. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 29(23), 20339–20346 (2018)
C. Du, H.H. Guo, D. Zhou, H.T. Chen, J. Zhang, W.F. Liu, J.Z. Su, H.W. Liu, Dielectric resonator antennas based on high quality factor MgAl2O4 transparent dielectric ceramics. J. Mater. Chem. C 8(42), 14880–14885 (2020)
C. Du, M.S. Fu, D. Zhou, H.H. Guo, H.T. Chen, J. Zhang, J.P. Wang, S.F. Wang, H.W. Liu, W.F. Liu, L. Li, Z. Xu, Dielectric resonator antenna with Y3Al5O12 transparent dielectric ceramics for 5G millimeter-wave applications. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 104(9), 4659–4668 (2021)
M. Valant, D. Suvorov, Glass-free low-temperature cofired ceramics: calcium germanates, silicates and tellurates. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 24, 1715–1719 (2004)
D. Zhou, J. Li, L.X. Pang, D.W. Wang, I.M. Reaney, Novel water insoluble (NaxAg2–x)MoO4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 2) microwave dielectric ceramics with spinel structure sintered at 410 degrees. J. Mater. Chem. C 5(24), 6086–6091 (2017)
X. Li, W.G. Di Pang, Liu, Low-temperature sintering and microwave dielectric properties of CaMoO4-based temperature stable LTCC material. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 97, 2032–2034 (2014)
S. Hu, H. Zhou, X. Zhou, X. Luan, K. Wang, X. Chen, Phase structure, sintering behaviour and microwave dielectric properties of Ln2MoO6 (ln = La and Y) ceramics. Ceram. Int. 46(15), 24552–24556 (2020)
J. Ren, K. Bi, X. Fu, Z. Peng, Novel Al2Mo3O12-based temperature-stable microwave dielectric ceramics for LTCC applications. J. Mater. Chem. C 6(42), 11465–11470 (2018)
W. Liu, R. Zuo, A novel low-temperature firable La2Zr3(MoO4)9 microwave dielectric ceramic. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 38(1), 339–342 (2018)
J. Zheng, C. Xing, Y. Yang, S. Li, H. Wu, Z. Wang, Structure, infrared reflectivity spectra and microwave dielectric properties of a low-firing microwave dielectric ceramic Pr2Zr3(MoO4)9. J. Alloys Compd. 826, 153893 (2020)
W. Liu, R. Zuo, Low temperature fired Ln2Zr3(MoO4)9 (ln = Sm, Nd) microwave dielectric ceramics. Ceram. Int. 43(18), 17229–17232 (2017)
Y.H. Zhang, J.J. Sun, N. Dai, Z.C. Wu, H.T. Wu, C.H. Yang, Crystal structure, infrared spectra and microwave dielectric properties of novel extra low-temperature fired Eu2Zr3(MoO4)9 ceramics. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 39(4), 1127–1131 (2019)
C.F. Xing, B. Wu, J. Bao, H.T. Wu, Y.Y. Zhou, Crystal structure, infrared spectra and microwave dielectric properties of a novel low-firing Gd2Zr3(MoO4)9 ceramic, Ceram. Int. 45(17), 22207–22214 (2019)
Y. He, X. Wei, G. He, Y. Wu, X. Chen, H. Zhou, Sintering behavior, phase composition, microstructure, and dielectric properties of low-permittivity alkaline earth silicate Sr3MgSi2O8 ceramics. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 33(35), 26263–26275 (2022)
A.M. Abakumov, V.A. Morozov, A.A. Tsirlin, J. Verbeeck, J. Hadermann, Cation ordering and flexibility of the BO42 tetrahedra in incommensurately modulated CaEu2(BO4)4 (B = Mo, W) scheelites. Inorg. Chem. 53(17), 9407–9415 (2014)
G. He, Y. He, Y. Liu, H. Zhang, Y. Wu, J. Liang, H. Zhou, Sintering behaviour, phase composition, microstructure, and dielectric properties of BaSm2O4 microwave ceramics. Ceram. Int. 49(1), 548–557 (2022)
H. Li, C. Cai, Q. Xiang, B. Tang, S. Yu, J. xiao, H. Luo, S. Zhang, Raman, complex chemical bond and structural studies of novel CaMg1−x(Mn1/2Zn1/2)Si2O6 (x = 0 − 0.1) ceramics. Ceram. Int. 45(17), 23157–23163 (2019)
C.S. Lim, A. Aleksandrovsky, M. Molokeev, A. Oreshonkov, V. Atuchin, The modulated structure and frequency upconversion properties of CaLa2(MoO4)4:Ho3+/Yb3+ phosphors prepared by microwave synthesis. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 17(29), 19278–19287 (2015)
M. J.Hanuza, J.H. Maczka, .v.d. Maas, polarized IR and Raman spectra of tetragonal NaBi(WO4)2 and NaBi(MoO4)2 and LiBi(MoO4)2 sigle crystals with scheelite structure. J. Mol. Struct. 348, 349–352 (1995)
K. Nakomoto, Infrared and Raman Spectra of Inorganic and Coordination Compounds, 6th edn. (Wiley, Hoboken, 2009)
Y. Tang, Z. Zhang, J. Li, M. Xu, Y. Zhai, L. Duan, C. Su, L. Liu, Y. Sun, L. Fang, A3Y2Ge3O12 (A = Ca, Mg): two novel microwave dielectric ceramics with contrasting τf and Q × f. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 40(12), 3989–3995 (2020)
R.D. Shannon, Dielectric polarizabilities of ions in oxides and fluorides. J. Appl. Phys. 73(1), 348–366 (1993)
D. Zhou, C.A. Randall, L.X. Pang, H. Wang, J. Guo, G.Q. Zhang, X.G. Wu, L. Shui, X. Yao, Microwave dielectric properties of Li2WO4 ceramic with ultra-low sintering temperature. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 94(2), 348–350 (2011)
Y. He, X. Wei, Y. Wu, X. Chen, J. Yang, H. Zhou, Effects of packing fraction, lattice vibration, and bond valence on the microwave dielectric properties of low-εr garnet-type Ca3Sc2Ge3O12 ceramics. J. Solid State Chem. 322, 123980 (2023)
T.L. Sun, X.M. Chen, Raman spectra analysis for Ba[(Mg1−xNix)1/3Nb2/3]O3 microwave dielectric ceramics. AIP Adv. 5(1), 114103 (2015)
A.D. Arulsamy, Renormalization group method based on the ionization energy theory. Ann. Phys. 326(3), 541–565 (2011)
B. Liu, K.X. Song, Vibrational spectroscopy and microwave dielectric properties of two novel Ca3Ln2W2O12 (ln = La, Sm) tungstate ceramics. Mater. Res. Bull. 133, 111022 (2021)
G. Santosh Babu, V. Subramanian, V.R.K. Murthy, R.L. Moreira, R.P.S.M. Lobo, Crystal structure, Raman spectroscopy, far-infrared, and microwave dielectric of (1 – x)La(MgSn)0.5O3–xNd(MgSn)0.5O3 system. J. Appl. Phys. 103, 084104 (2008)
H.H. Guo, D. Zhou, L.X. Pang, Z.M. Qi, Microwave dielectric properties of low firing temperature stable scheelite structured (Ca,Bi)(Mo,V)O4 solid solution ceramics for LTCC applications. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 39(7), 2365–2373 (2019)
J. Bi, C. Yang, H. Wu, Correlation of crystal structure and microwave dielectric characteristics of temperature stable Zn1–xMnxZrNb2O8 (0.02 ≤ x ≤ 0.1) ceramics. Ceram. Int. 43(1), 92–98 (2017)
L. Glasser, H.D.B. Jenkins, Lattice energies and unit cell volumes of complex Ionic solids. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122, 632–638 (2000)
E.S. Kim, B.S. Chun, R. Freer, R.J. Cernik, Effects of packing fraction and bond valence on microwave dielectric properties of A2+B6+O4 (A2+: ca, Pb, Ba; B6+: Mo, W) ceramics. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 30(7), 1731–1736 (2010)
Y. Lai, X. Tang, X. Huang, H. Zhang, X. Liang, J. Li, H. Su, Phase composition, crystal structure and microwave dielectric properties of Mg2–xCuxSiO4 ceramics. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 38(4), 1508–1516 (2018)
A.J. Bosman, E.E. Havinga, Temperature dependence of dielectric constants of cubic ionic compounds. Phys. Rev. 129(4), 1593–1600 (1963)
M. Wu, Y. Zhang, J. Chen, M. Xiang, Microwave dielectric properties of sol–gel derived NiZrNb2O8 ceramics. J. Alloys Compd. 747, 394–400 (2018)
E.S. Kim, C.J. Jeon, S. JooKim, S.J. Kim, Effects of crystal structure on microwave dielectric properties of ceramics. J. Korean Ceram. 45, 251–255 (2008)
S.D. Rama Rao, S. Roopas Kiran, V.R.K. Murthy, P. Davies, Correlation between structural characteristics and microwave dielectric properties of scheelite Ca1 – xCdxMoO4 solid solution. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 95(11), 3532–3537 (2012)
N.E. BRESE, M. O’KEEFFE, Bond-valence parameters for solids. Acta Cryst. Sect. B 47, 192–197 (1991)
Funding
This study was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 61761015), the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi (Nos. 2017GXNSFFA198011, 2018GXNSFFA050001, and 2017GXNSFDA198027), and the High-Level Innovation Team and Outstanding Scholar Program of Guangxi Institute.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by XW, YH, XC and HZ. The first draft of the manuscript was written by XW and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Wei, X., He, Y., Chen, X. et al. Relationship between microstructure and microwave dielectric properties of glass-free low temperature co-fired CaLa2(MoO4)4 ceramic. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 34, 1738 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-023-11175-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-023-11175-2