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Multifaceted analysis of PbO–Bi2O3–ZnO–B2O3 glasses: unveiling structural, Optical, and gamma-ray shielding behaviour

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Abstract

The fabrication process of PbO–Bi2O3–ZnO–B2O3(PBZB) glasses involved the application of a melt quenching technique. The glass samples were revealed through X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis to be amorphous in nature. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, ranging from 4000 to 400 cm−1, exhibited peaks and bands indicating bending and stretching vibrations associated with the constituent groups in the glasses. The Raman spectra indicated that non-bridging oxygens (NBOs) formed with PbO’s incorporation into the network. To investigate the UV–Vis spectra of the glass, the Derivation of Absorption Spectrum Fitting (DASF) method was employed. This analysis predicted a decrease in energy band gap values, which was attributed to the increased presence of NBOs within the glass network. The prepared glasses’ radiation-shielding properties were reported using Phy-X software in the range of 0.284–1.333 MeV, where it was found that the mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) follows the order of PBZB1 < PBZB2 < PBZB3 < PBZB4, which means a positive correlation of the samples’ MAC with the glasses’ PbO content, or an inverse correlation with the glasses’ B2O3 content. Thus, the sample characterized by the highest content of PbO, or the least B2O3 content, has the greatest radiation shielding ability. The ratio between the tenth value layer for the PBZB1 and PBZB4 samples was estimated, with the results demonstrating the ratio to be higher than one, thus indicating that PBZB1’s TVL is always greater than PBZB4’s TVL. From the ratio between the TVL, we found that the addition of PbO causes a reduction in the thickness of the glass that is needed to attenuate the incoming photons. The PBZB4 sample (which contains 70 mol% of PbO) has the greatest advantage over the other materials in the glass system at lower and higher energies, while having a slightly reduced advantage at medium energies. PBZB4 possesses the lowest HVL value, thus qualify as the best shielding material.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Funding

The authors express their gratitude to Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University Researchers Supporting Project number (PNURSP2023R13), Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, 11671, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Jamelah S. Al-Otaibi

  2. Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, 11671, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Aljawhara H. Almuqrin

  3. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Isra University, Amman, 11622, Jordan

    M. I. Sayyed

  4. Department of Nuclear Medicine Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P. O. Box 1982, 31441, Dammam, Saudi Arabia

    M. I. Sayyed

  5. University College Benra, Dhuri, Punjab, 148024, India

    Ashok Kumar

  6. Department of Physics, Punjabi University, Patiala, Punjab, 147002, India

    Ashok Kumar

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  1. Jamelah S. Al-Otaibi
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JSA-O: Validation, Visualization, Project administration, Funding acquisition AHA: Software, Investigation, Writing—Review & Editing, Supervision MIS: Methodology, Validation, Formal analysis, Visualization, Writing—Original Draft AK: Methodology, Validation, Visualization, Conceptualization, Writing—Original Draft.

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Al-Otaibi, J.S., Almuqrin, A.H., Sayyed, M.I. et al. Multifaceted analysis of PbO–Bi2O3–ZnO–B2O3 glasses: unveiling structural, Optical, and gamma-ray shielding behaviour. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 34, 1721 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-023-11166-3

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