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Achieving dense microstructure with desired physical properties rapidly and inexpensively in Bi-modified SrTiO3 ceramics via microwave sintering technique

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Abstract

Researchers are paying constant attention to preparing ceramic materials faster and cheaper while obtaining optimal physical properties. Their goal is to achieve a smaller grain size that will enable them to enhance the breakdown strength, thus increasing the density and efficiency of energy storage material. In line with this objective, two samples of Sr0.95Bi0.05TiO3 ceramics were selected: one was sintered at 1250 °C for 4 h using a conventional sintering CS process, while the other was sintered at the same temperature for 20 min using a microwave sintering system MWS. Both sintered samples showed a single cubic phase, as confirmed by refinement of the X-ray diffraction data. Morphological results show that the microwave-sintered sample ceramics show better densification exceeding 98%. The morphological results also show that the grain size obtained via microwave sintering is ten times smaller than that obtained with the conventional sintering technique. The P–E loop study shows that the breakdown strength with a microwave sintering system increased 1.5 times compared to the CS technique, resulting in enhanced energy storage density from 0.215 to 0.325 J/cm3. This intriguing technology has energy-saving qualities, quick processing, and homogeneous temperature distribution over the sample. According to our findings, the microwave processing method is one of the most attractive methods that can be used to develop new electronic materials for the next generation of applications.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the experimental facilities provided by CNPq and FAPESP in Grupo de Materiais Ferroic (GMF), Physics Department/ UFSCar. For financial support, Dr. Alkathy and Prof Eiras are greatly indebted to the Sao Paulo Research Foundation FAPESP (Grant No. 2017/13769-1 and Grant No. 2019/03110-8). Dr. Syed Mansoor sincerely appreciates funding from Researchers Supporting Project number (RSPD2023R699), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Prof. KCJR acknowledges the Abdul Kalam Technology Innovation National Fellowship awarded to him by INAE and the Institution of Eminence program of the University of Hyderabad awarded by MHRD.

Funding

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, 2019/03110-8, Mahmoud Alkathy, 2017/13769-1,J. A. Eiras, King Saud University, RSPD2023R699, Syed Mansoor Ali

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Physics Department, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, 13565-905, Brazil

    Mahmoud. S. Alkathy, Fabio. L. Zabotto, Flavio Paulo Milton, Alexandre Strabello & J. A. Eiras

  2. Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. BOX 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Syed Mansoor Ali

  3. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, 38541, South Korea

    J. Pundareekam Goud

  4. Department of Physics, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, KL University, Bowrampet, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500043, India

    J. Pundareekam Goud

  5. Institute of Physics, University of São Paulo, São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, CEP 13566-590, Brazil

    Valmor R. Mastelaro

  6. School of Physics, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, Telangana, India

    Mahmoud. S. Alkathy & K. C. James Raju

  7. Federal University of Grande Dourados Faculty of Exact Sciences and Technology—FACET Applied Optics Group (GOA), Dourados, MS, 79825-070, Brazil

    Flavio Paulo Milton

Authors
  1. Mahmoud. S. Alkathy
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  3. J. Pundareekam Goud
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  4. Valmor R. Mastelaro
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  5. Fabio. L. Zabotto
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  6. Flavio Paulo Milton
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  7. Alexandre Strabello
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  8. K. C. James Raju
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  9. J. A. Eiras
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Contributions

All authors have contributed to the preparation of the manuscript. MSA: synthesized, analyzed, and interpreted data, calculations, visualization, conceptualization, methodology, and writing of the original draft. SMA: contributed to investigation and interpretation of the data. JPG: contributed to microwave sintering work. FLZ: contributed to investigation, discussion, and data analysis. FPM: contributed to investigation and P.E. loop measurement. AS: contributed to investigation, sample polishing, and electrode preparations. VRM: contributed to investigation and XPS measurements. KCJR & JAE: contributed to supervision, reviewed, validated, wrote, reviewed, and approved the final version.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Mahmoud. S. Alkathy, K. C. James Raju or J. A. Eiras.

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Alkathy, M.S., Ali, S.M., Goud, J.P. et al. Achieving dense microstructure with desired physical properties rapidly and inexpensively in Bi-modified SrTiO3 ceramics via microwave sintering technique. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 34, 1616 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-023-11034-0

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