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Thermal lens study of hydrothermally synthesised graphitic carbon nitride nanofluids for heat transfer applications

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Abstract

This paper discourses the need for synthesising an energy-efficient nanofluid with graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) to overwhelm the difficulties of proficient heat transfer in thermal devices. The highly sensitive mode mismatched dual-beam thermal lens technique is used to analyse the concentration-dependent thermal diffusivity (D) variation of the g-C3N4 nanofluids. The g-C3N4 is green synthesised by the hydrothermal method using soya chunks as natural carbon precursors. When the structure characterisations confirm the formation of g-C3N4, its thermal stability is disclosed through thermogravimetric analysis. The radiative analyses—optical absorption and emission studies—suggest the bandgap energy to be 2.8 eV with an emission in the blue region for the excitation at 350 nm, reiterating the semiconducting of g-C3N4. The non-radiative analysis by thermal lens technique shows that the D of the nanofluid increases with an increase in g-C3N4 concentration in the base fluid till the critical concentration and beyond which it decreases. This reveals the amphoteric thermal diffusivity of g-C3N4-ethylene glycol nanofluid, opening up the possibility of developing heat transfer fluids with tailored D values.

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Acknowledgements

Acknowledging Central Laboratory for Instrumentation and Facilitation (CLIF), University of Kerala, Trivandrum, 695581, India, for providing an instrumentation facility.

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The authors declare that no funds, grants, or other support were received during the preparation of this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Optoelectronics, University of Kerala, Trivandrum, 695581, India

    Vijayakumar Gokul & Sankaranarayana Iyer Sankararaman

  2. Laboratory for Environmental and Life Science, University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska 13, 5000, Nova Gorica, Slovenia

    Mohanachandran Nair Sindhu Swapna

  3. Department of Chemistry, University College, Trivandrum, 695034, India

    Govind Ambadas

Authors
  1. Vijayakumar Gokul
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  2. Mohanachandran Nair Sindhu Swapna
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  3. Govind Ambadas
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  4. Sankaranarayana Iyer Sankararaman
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Contributions

Methodology: VG; Software: VG; Validation: MNSS and SIS; Formal analysis: VG, MNSS and SIS; Writing-original draft: VG; Writing-review and editing: MNSS, GA, and SIS; Supervision: GA and SIS. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Sankaranarayana Iyer Sankararaman.

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Gokul, V., Swapna, M.N.S., Ambadas, G. et al. Thermal lens study of hydrothermally synthesised graphitic carbon nitride nanofluids for heat transfer applications. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 34, 1575 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-023-10991-w

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