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Synthesis and calcination–temperature-dependent gas-sensing performance of g-C3N4/Co3O4 heterojunctions for toluene gas sensors

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Abstract

G-C3N4 nanosheets were synthesized by hydrothermal method and then were anchored on the surface of mesoporous Co3O4 nanowires (NWs) to from g-C3N4/Co3O4 heterojunctions. After calcination, the influence of calcined temperature on the microstructures and gas-sensing performance is investigated in detail. All results show that g-C3N4 nanosheets affect the microstructure of Co3O4 NWs and are decorated on the surface of Co3O4 NWs. With the increasing calcination temperature, the specific surface area decreased from 64 m2/g for Co3O4 NWs to about 20 m2/g. The responses of g-C3N4/Co3O4 sensors are improved from 11.01 for Co3O4 sensor to about 20–100 ppm toluene gas, and CNC-500 presents excellent response values of 25.8 at the operating temperature of 220 °C. Although g-C3N4/Co3O4 heterojunctions exhibit the low specific surface area, the p-n heterojunctions at the interface of g-C3N4 and Co3O4 greatly increase the resistance in toluene gas. As the result, g-C3N4 nanosheets greatly improve the toluene gas-sensing performance of g-C3N4/Co3O4 sensors due to p-n heterojunctions.

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Funding

This work was supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFB3903200 and 2022YFB3903203) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1809216).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Materials and Chemistry, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, 310018, China

    J. H. Yue, J. C. Xu, B. Hong, J. Li, Y. X. Zeng, J. Gong, X. L. Peng, H. L. Ge & X. Q. Wang

  2. High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, China

    J. H. Yue & H. W. Chen

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  1. J. H. Yue
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Contributions

JHY contributed to preparation, microstructures analysis. JCX and BH provided performance analysis. JL, YXZ, JG, XLP, and HLG provided the different measurements of microstructure and gas-sensing performance. HWC contributed to microstructure and performance analysis, writing—original draft. XQW contributed to conceptualization, methodology, write-up, and submission.

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Correspondence to H. W. Chen or X. Q. Wang.

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Yue, J.H., Xu, J.C., Hong, B. et al. Synthesis and calcination–temperature-dependent gas-sensing performance of g-C3N4/Co3O4 heterojunctions for toluene gas sensors. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 34, 1572 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-023-10957-y

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