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Sodium–tungsten–titanium phosphate glasses: an investigation of the structure, chemical endurance, and kinetic characteristics

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Abstract

Many technologies have applied sodium ions’ solid electrolytes, ranging from batteries to chemical sensors. This study investigated phosphate glasses featuring electrolyte developed through the 20Na2O–(50 − x)Na2WO4–xTiO2–30P2O5 system (with 0 ≤ x ≤ 25 mol%), with the melt-quenching approach employed. For the estimation of the activation energy, differential scanning calorimetry was utilized, whereby crystallization (Ec) was relied upon. Ec = 144.77 kJ/mol characterized the glass (x = 5). The determination of the crystallization mechanism was possible through the Avrami parameter (n), which was found to be approximately ≈ 2; therefore, the crystallization mechanism was expected to be a periodic landscape that is one-dimensional in nature. The bonds forming the glasses’ framework were shown to be established through the PO4 units, as revealed by Raman spectroscopy. TiO2 insertion into the framework of glass resulted in new bond formation, namely P–O–Ti and/or Ti–O–Ti. Shifting the Na2WO4 mol% to TiO2 mol% resulted in the structural units’ transformation into Q2, Q1, and finally Q0 units. Through the durability analysis, the results confirmed that the explored glasses’ dissolution is reliant upon their composition, which is of a glassy nature. There is an increase in durability when Na2WO4 is replaced by TiO2.

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Acknowledgements

M.I. Sayyed and S. Hashim gratefully acknowledge Universiti Teknologi Malaysia for providing Prominent Visiting Researcher Scheme (RJ3000.7113.3F000) initiatives under the Department Deputy of Vice-Chancellor (Research and Innovation).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Engineering Sciences and Professions, Materials and Processes Department ENSAM-Meknes Marjane II, Moulay Ismail University, El Mansour, P.O. Box 15290, Meknes, Morocco

    Hicham Es-soufi & Lahcen Bih

  2. Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Isra University, Amman, 11622, Jordan

    M. I. Sayyed

  3. Department of Nuclear Medicine Research, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia

    M. I. Sayyed

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  1. Hicham Es-soufi
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by HE, MIS, and LB. The first draft of the manuscript was written by HE and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Hicham Es-soufi.

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Es-soufi, H., Sayyed, M.I. & Bih, L. Sodium–tungsten–titanium phosphate glasses: an investigation of the structure, chemical endurance, and kinetic characteristics. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 34, 1355 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-023-10741-y

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