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Salt-flux synthesis of bismuth layer-structured Ca-doped Sr2Bi2Nb2TiO12: the effect of cation substitution on structure, ferroelectric and optical properties

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Abstract

This study used the salt-flux method to synthesize three-layer Aurivillius Sr2−xCaxBi2Nb2TiO12 (x = 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2) through the A-site cation substitution. All samples show only the typical peaks of the three-layer Aurivillius phase, validating the formation of single-phase products. Substituting smaller Ca2+ ions caused the crystal structure distortion, transforming the tetragonal I4/mmm structure to the B2cb orthorhombic structure. Structural analysis via XRD and FTIR showed that the substitution of smaller Ca2+ ions decreases in crystal volume and induces the distortion of BO6 octahedra. SEM images indicated anisotropic plate-like grains reduce in size with the substitution of smaller Ca2+ ions. The EDX spectrum reveals the elemental ratio is consistent with the desired composition. With an increasing BO6 distortion, ferroelectric transition temperature (Tc) and ferroelectric polarizations (Pr and Ps) improved. Above room temperature, the pronounced ferroelectric phase was identified in Sr0.5Ca1.5Bi2Nb2TiO12 (x = 1.5) and Ca2Bi2Nb2TiO12 (x = 2).

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences of Universitas Andalas under the PNBP Research Grant (17/UN.16.03.D/PP/FMIPA/2022). Wendari also acknowledges the facilities and scientific and technical support from Advanced Nuclear Materials Laboratories - Nuclear Energy Research Organization, National Research, and Innovation Agency through E-Layanan Sains-BRIN.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Andalas, Padang, 25163, Indonesia

    Tio Putra Wendari, Alfir Rizki,  Zulhadjri, Yulia Eka Putri &  Emriadi

  2. Nuclear Energy Research Organization, National Research and Innovation Agency, 15314, Tangerang Selatan, Indonesia

    Andon Insani

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  1. Tio Putra Wendari
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  2. Alfir Rizki
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Contributions

TPW conceptualized the research scheme and wrote the original manuscript. AR performed the material preparation and visualized the data analysis. Z validate the data and wrote the manuscript. YEP reviewed and edited the manuscript. E reviewed and edited the manuscript. AI investigated dan validated the data experiment. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Tio Putra Wendari.

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Wendari, T.P., Rizki, A., Zulhadjri et al. Salt-flux synthesis of bismuth layer-structured Ca-doped Sr2Bi2Nb2TiO12: the effect of cation substitution on structure, ferroelectric and optical properties. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 34, 1282 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-023-10725-y

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