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Enhancement of thermoelectric power factor in nanostructured cadmium oxide via zinc doping for high-temperature thermoelectric applications

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Abstract

Thermoelectrics is a technology that enables the direct transformation of waste heat into electricity. This can fulfill the world’s increasing demand for energy. This article presents the effect of Zinc dopant on the thermoelectric properties of nanostructured Cadmium Oxide for the first time. Pure nanostructured Cadmium Oxide and Zinc-doped Cadmium Oxide with 2, 4, 6, and 8% Zinc concentrations were synthesized chemically by the Precipitation method. The X-ray diffraction technique was used to investigate the structural properties. Rietveld Refinement confirmed that the prepared Cadmium Oxide has Face-Centered Cubic structure with Fm \(\overline{3}\) m space group. FESEM micrographs revealed that nanostructured Cadmium Oxide has circular plate-like morphology. Energy-Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy confirmed the presence of Cadmium, Zinc, and Oxygen. The fundamental vibrational bands of the prepared samples were studied by Raman spectroscopy. The carrier concentration (n) and Hall mobility (μ) measurement at room temperature show the n-type behavior of all the samples. The variation of electrical resistivity (ρ) and Seebeck coefficient (S) were investigated in the temperature range of 300–950 K. The highest Seebeck coefficient of −186 μ V/K was attained for pure CdO at 950 K. The lowest electrical resistivity of 1.72 μΩm was obtained for 8% Zinc-doped CdO. The 4% Zinc-doped CdO attained a maximum thermoelectric power factor of 3.68 × 10−3 Wm−1 K−2 at 950 K which is 1.7 times higher than that of pure CdO. This increment in the thermoelectric power factor shows that Zinc is a suitable dopant for Cadmium Oxide to enhance its thermoelectric performance. These results demonstrate that Zinc-doped Cadmium Oxide is a potential n-type thermoelectric material.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The author R. Madan is thankful to University Grant Commission for the fellowship grant. Prof. D. Mohan is thankful to the Department of Science and Technology, India for providing the Fund for Improvement of S&T Infrastructure (FIST) grant for the establishment of common facilities.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India

    Rahul Madan & Devendra Mohan

  2. Department of Applied Sciences, Panipat Institute of Engineering & Technology, Panipat, Haryana, 132102, India

    Vinay Kumari

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  1. Rahul Madan
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  2. Devendra Mohan
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Contributions

RM worked under the supervision of Prof. DM who helped me in editing and revising the manuscript. VK helped in the analysis of electrical measurement and characterization techniques, like XRD, FESEM, and Raman spectra.

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Correspondence to Rahul Madan.

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Madan, R., Mohan, D. & Kumari, V. Enhancement of thermoelectric power factor in nanostructured cadmium oxide via zinc doping for high-temperature thermoelectric applications. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 34, 556 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-023-09988-2

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