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Preparation of hierarchical porous carbon through one-step KOH activation of coconut shell biomass for high-performance supercapacitor

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Abstract

Here we report an effective and facile method for preparing porous carbons (CSCK-T-x) with highly developed hierarchical porosity for high-performance supercapacitor by one-step KOH activation of coconut shell carbon. The effects of carbonization temperature (T, °C) and KOH/C ratio (x) on the structure and electrochemical properties were studied systematically. As the KOH/C ratio and activation temperature increase, the SBET rapidly increases and then decreases and reaches a maximum (2143.6m2 g−1) at 800 °C with a KOH/C ratio of 2. Furthermore, CSCK-800-2 displayed abundant micropores and two concentrated mesopores at 4 nm and 14 nm. In a three-electrode test system, CSCK-800-2 exhibits a high specific capacitance of 317 F g−1 at a current density of 0.5 A g−1 and considerable rate retention of 68% at 20 A g−1. The symmetrical supercapacitor that was based on CSCK-800-2 showed a maximum energy density of 13.5 Wh kg−1 at 0.5 A g−1 with a superior cycling stability (99.7% of the capacitance retention after 10,000 cycles at 5 A g−1) in 6 M KOH electrolyte. The large specific surface area and unique hierarchical porosity of CSCK-800-2 enable it to have high ion-accessible surface and low-ion transport resistance. This one-step activation method provides an approach to convert biological waste into high-value hierarchical porous carbon material for electric double-layer capacitors.

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The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Chemical Technology, College of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, 163318, Heilongjing, China

    Yutong Zhao, Yuanyuan Wang, Yanxiu Liu, Huan Wang & Hua Song

  2. Engineering Laboratory of Chemical Resources Utilization in South Xinjiang of XPCC, Tarim University, Alar, 843300, Xinjiang, China

    Jincheng Mu

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  1. Yutong Zhao
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  2. Jincheng Mu
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  3. Yuanyuan Wang
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  4. Yanxiu Liu
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  5. Huan Wang
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  6. Hua Song
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Contributions

YZ performed conceptualization, methodology, writing—original draft, formal analysis, validation and project administration. YW did validation and investigation. YL performed formal analysis. HW contributed to funding acquisition. HS done writing review & editing, supervision, project administration, funding acquisition.

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Correspondence to Jincheng Mu or Hua Song.

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Zhao, Y., Mu, J., Wang, Y. et al. Preparation of hierarchical porous carbon through one-step KOH activation of coconut shell biomass for high-performance supercapacitor. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 34, 527 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-023-09885-8

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