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Investigations of cadmium ion-doped L-histidine hydrochloride crystal growth, vibration, optical, thermal, SHG, and MTT assays for biological and optoelectronic applications

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Abstract

Semiorganic nonlinear optical single crystal of cadmium (II) ion-doped L-histidine hydrochloride (Cd2+:LHHCl) compound was successfully grown by slow evaporation method at room temperature. The grown single crystal was found to be an orthorhombic crystal system which is identified as enantiomorphic, thus, satisfying the requirement for the second harmonic generation (SHG) activity of the title crystal. FTIR study confirms that the rare-earth metal Cd2+ and functional groups in the Cd2+:LHHCl single crystal. In the transmittance spectrum, the lower cut-off wavelength is found to be 256 nm for Cd2+:LHHCl single crystal. The cut-off wavelength of Cadmium (II)-ion-doped L-histidine hydrochloride crystals is lower than pure L-histidine hydrochloride. In the EDAX spectrum, the weight percentage and atomic percentage of C, N, O, Cl, and Cd (II) in the title crystal are clearly found. The presence of Cd (II) is confirmed by an intense peak which is observed with an atomic percentage of 0.3%, which indicates the formation of Cd2+:LHHCl single crystal. The thermal stability of the grown crystal is investigated by thermo-gravimetric differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA). Semiorganic Cd2+:LHHCl single crystal was thermally stable up to 155 °C for optoelectronic device application. Nonlinear optical property of powdered Cd2+:LHHCl crystal was evaluated by the modified Kurtz-Perry powder technique. The powdered sample was densely filled in a needle-shaped glass capillary tube. The Nd:YAG laser beam of fundamental wavelength of 1064 nm is used. The relative SHG efficiency of Cd2+:LHHCl is 3 times greater than that of standard KDP. The cytotoxic activity against women’s breast cancer cells was determined by MTT assay and various concentrations of 12.5, 25, 50, 100, and 200 μg/ml of MCF-7 cells. Apoptotic cells were studied using AO/EtBr stain. Our results refer to the therapeutic role of grown crystals in breast cancer. The results of this study suggest that the grown crystal could be used for wide medical applications in the future and offer a new drug instead of chemotherapy in the treatment of various types of cancer disease.

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Acknowledgements

The author (NP) thanks the Department of Physics at Erode Sengunthar College of Engineering for financial support of the project. The authors thank the Department of Physics at Bharathiar University, Coimbatore for the single-crystal XRD measurement and Dr. P.K. Das, IISc, Bangalore, for SHG measurement.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Erode Sengunthar Engineering College, Erode, Tamil Nadu, India

    N. Poongodi, N. M. Ganesan & T. S. Senthil

  2. Department of Physics, School of Distance Education, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India

    P. Dhanasekaran

  3. Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

    Ravikumar Nattudurai

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  1. N. Poongodi
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  2. P. Dhanasekaran
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  4. T. S. Senthil
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  5. Ravikumar Nattudurai
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the conception and design of the study. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by NP, PD, RN, and MTT assay, AO-EtBr analysis was performed by NMG and TSS. The first draft of the manuscript was written by NP and PD, and all authors have commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. The authors declare that they have not received any funding, grants, or other assistance during the preparation of this manuscript. All authors contributed equally to this work.

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Correspondence to P. Dhanasekaran.

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Poongodi, N., Dhanasekaran, P., Ganesan, N.M. et al. Investigations of cadmium ion-doped L-histidine hydrochloride crystal growth, vibration, optical, thermal, SHG, and MTT assays for biological and optoelectronic applications. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 34, 522 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-023-09857-y

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