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Effects of polymerization oxidants on the fabrication of electrospun PPy/WO3 composites

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Abstract

In this work, polypyrrole (PPy) and incomplete polymerized pyrrole (Pyr) were synthesized from pyrrole monomer via chemical oxidative polymerization using two different oxidants: ammonium persulfate (APS) and ammonium bisulfate (ABS). Electrical, structural, and morphological characteristics of PPy and Pyr are examined through electrical conductivity test, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), respectively. The presence of tungsten oxide (WO3) and PPy/WO3 was likewise confirmed by FTIR and XRD. PPy synthesized with APS showed conductivity of 0.53 S/m, while Pyr synthesized with ABS had conductivity of 1.39 × 10− 7 S/m. PPy with higher conductivity was used for hybridization with WO3 and for subsequent electrospinning. The presence of NH stretching in Pyr which is absent in PPy indicates the NH stretch from pyrrole. Further processing showed a successful electrospinning of PPy and PPy/WO3 with the aid of PU as copolymer. Electrospun PPy/PU displayed globular morphology, while electrospun PPy/PU/WO3 exhibited fibrous morphology. From this study, it is inferred that electrical conductivity is a crucial factor in ensuring a successful electrospinning of fibrous conductive polymer materials. In addition, APS has polymerized pyrrole successfully, while use of ABS yields an incomplete pyrrole polymerization. With further parameter improvement, ABS can be potentially used as an alternative oxidant for polymerization.

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Acknowledgements

Financial support from the Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE) Malaysia via Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (Grant No: FRGS/1/2022/TK09/UM/02/33) and Universiti Malaya (UM) via Faculty Research Grant (No: GPF060B-2020) are gratefully acknowledged.

Funding

This study was supported by Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE) Malaysia via Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (Grant No: FRGS/1/2022/TK09/UM/02/33) and Universiti Malaya via Faculty Research Grant (Grant No: GPF060B-2020).

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  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Yung Cheng Wong, Yew Hoong Wong, Aainaa Aqilah Baharuddin & A. S. M. A. Haseeb

  2. Centre of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Yung Cheng Wong, Yew Hoong Wong, Bee Chin Ang, Aainaa Aqilah Baharuddin & A. S. M. A. Haseeb

  3. Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

    Bee Chin Ang

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YCW contributed to methodology, formal analysis, investigation, data curation, and writing of the original draft. YHW contributed to conceptualization, validation, resources, reviewing & editing of the manuscript, visualization, supervision, project administration, and funding acquisition. BCA contributed to validation, visualization, supervision, and writing, reviewing, & editing of the manuscript. AB contributed to data curation and writing of the original draft. ASMAH contributed to validation, visualization, supervision, and writing, reviewing, & editing of the manuscript.

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Wong, Y.C., Wong, Y.H., Ang, B.C. et al. Effects of polymerization oxidants on the fabrication of electrospun PPy/WO3 composites. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 34, 33 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-022-09483-0

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