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Simultaneous determination of uric acid, xanthine, and caffeine in human urine samples using nickel ferrite/reduced graphene oxide modified electrode

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Abstract

This work describes the synthesis of nickel ferrite/reduced graphene oxide (FN/rGO) and the simultaneous determination of uric acid (UA), xanthine (XT), and caffeine (CF) by using the resultant FN/rGO-modified electrode. The material was characterized by means of X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray microscopy (mapping energy-dispersive X-Ray), adsorption/desorption isotherms of nitrogen, vibrating sample magnetometry, and Raman spectroscopy. The obtained composite with a large surface area comprises reduced-graphene-oxide layers and highly dispersed nickel-ferrite nanoparticles. This composite possesses significant magnetization saturation with a soft magnetic property. The electrocatalytic activity of FN/rGO was studied toward the oxidation of one important purine, UA, and two oxypurines, XT and CF. The electrode successfully separates the voltammetric signals of the three analytes in a trinary mixture and is employed for their simultaneous determination. The peak current varies linearly with the increase of UA, XT, and CF concentration in a range of 4.0–21.5 µM with detection limits of 1.3, 1.6, and 1.4 µM for UA, XT, and CF, respectively. The practical application of the modified electrode was demonstrated by simultaneously determining the concentrations of UA, XT, and CF in urine samples with expectable recoveries.

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The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgments

This research was financially supported by Van Lang University, Vietnam.

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The authors have not disclosed any funding.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Sciences, Hue University, 530000, Hue, Vietnam

    Nguyen Quang Man, Ho Xuan Anh Vu, Nguyen Duc Vu Quyen, Nguyen Hai Phong, Tran Ngoc Tuyen & Dinh Quang Khieu

  2. University of Pharmacy and Medicine, Hue University, 530000, Hue, Vietnam

    Nguyen Quang Man

  3. Faculty of Applied Technology, School of Engineering and Technology, Van Lang University, 700000, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam

    Nguyen Thi Thanh Tu

  4. University of Education and Science, The University of Danang, 550000, Da Nang, Vietnam

    Le Van Thanh Son & Le Vu Truong Son

  5. Faculty of Natural Sciences, Quy Nhon University, 820000, Quy Nhon, Vietnam

    Nguyen Thi Vuong Hoan

  6. Thu Dau Mot University, 590000, Thu Dau Mot, Vietnam

    Thuy Chau To

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  1. Nguyen Quang Man
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by N.Q.M, N.T.V.H, H.X.A.V, N.D.V.Q, N.H.P, T.N.T, L.V.T.S, L.V.T.S, T.C.T and N.T.T.T. The first draft of the manuscript was written by D.Q.K and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Nguyen Thi Thanh Tu or Dinh Quang Khieu.

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Man, N.Q., Tu, N.T.T., Vu, H.X.A. et al. Simultaneous determination of uric acid, xanthine, and caffeine in human urine samples using nickel ferrite/reduced graphene oxide modified electrode. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 34, 59 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-022-09449-2

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