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Fabrication of platinum nanodendrites-modified ITO electrode for electrochemical detection of Pb (II)

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Abstract

In this work, platinum nanodendrites (PtNDs)-modified indium–tin–oxide (ITO) electrode (PtNDs/ITO) is developed for Pb(II) ions detection. PtNDs are produced by chemical reduction and drop-cast on the ITO electrode. The effect of varying PtNDs concentration (30, 50, 80,120, and 160 mg/L) to modify ITO electrodes is studied to optimize the electrochemical surface area for Pb(II) ions detection. A thin layer of Nafion is coated on top of the PtNDs/ITO-modified electrode to prevent PtNDs from leaching and enhance the mechanical robustness of the modified electrode. The properties of the as-synthesized PtNDs are characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The Nafion/PtNDs/ITO-modified electrodes are subjected to morphological study using field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), surface analysis using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electrochemical analyses using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV). The Nafion/PtNDs/ITO-modified electrode with optimum PtNDs concentration (120 mg/L) shows excellent electrochemical performance in detecting Pb(II) ions with a linear range of 10–100 ppb, limit of detection of 9.82 ppb, and sensitivity of 67.285 µAppb−1 cm−2. The Nafion/PtNDs/ITO-modified electrode has high specificity toward Pb(II) ions and has good reproducibility and repeatability with a relative standard deviation of 0.79% and 3.88%, respectively.

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Funding

The authors acknowledge the financial support from Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia, Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (Grant No. FRGS/1/2020/T K0/USM/01/1).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Materials & Mineral Resources Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300, Nibong Tebal, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

    Nurul Hidayah Ramli, Noorhashimah Mohamad Nor & Khairunisak Abdul Razak

  2. NanoBiotechnology Research and Innovation (NanoBRI), Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

    Nor Dyana Zakaria & Khairunisak Abdul Razak

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  1. Nurul Hidayah Ramli
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  2. Noorhashimah Mohamad Nor
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  3. Nor Dyana Zakaria
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  4. Khairunisak Abdul Razak
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All authors have helped in research design, data collection, writing and improving the overall quality of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Noorhashimah Mohamad Nor or Khairunisak Abdul Razak.

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Ramli, N.H., Mohamad Nor, N., Zakaria, N.D. et al. Fabrication of platinum nanodendrites-modified ITO electrode for electrochemical detection of Pb (II). J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 33, 26564–26579 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-022-09333-z

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