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Investigation of growth, optical, thermal, mechanical, electrical, laser damage threshold properties of 1, 2, 3-Benzotriazolium Dihydrogen Phosphate (BTDHP) single crystal for nonlinear optical (NLO) applications

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Abstract

The 1, 2, 3- benzotrizolium dihydrogen phosphate (BTDHP) single crystal was grown at ambient temperature with methanol as a solvent using the conventional slow evaporation solution method. The BTDHP crystalline material was structurally confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction (SXRD) study and it revealed that the crystal has triclinic structure and P-1 space group. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) was recorded to find various (h k l) planes, and the obtained peaks were compared with CIF data. UV- Visible-NIR spectroscopy helped to study optical properties of BTDHP crystal. High-Resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD) has determined the crystalline perfection of the present material. The vibrational assignments in the grown crystal were found using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The thermal stability of BTDHP crystal was found to be upto 181 °C and the different levels of decomposition temperatures were analysed using thermogravimetric differential thermal analysis (TG–DTA). The laser damage threshold (LDT) value of BTDHP crystal was recorded to be 10.2 GW/cm2 which is favourable for laser applications. The photoconductivity measurements revealed that the crystal has a positive photoconductive nature. The chemical etching was investigated to calculate the etch pit density. The dielectric experiment (constant& loss) was performed for BTDHP crystal as a function of frequency at ambient temperature to measure electrical properties of the material. The mechanical stability of the grown BTDHP crystal was studied using Vickers microhardness measurement. The third-order non-linear susceptibility was measured and analysed by Z-scan technique using (He–Ne) laser of wavelength 632.8 nm.

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The whole datasets generated during and /or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank to SAIF IIT-Madras for SXRD studies. One of the authors B. Sahaya Infant Lasalle thanks the management of SSN College of Engineering for providing SSN Senior Research Assistant (SRA) fellowship.

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  1. Department of Physics, SSN Research Centre, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai-603110, Tamil Nadu, India

    B. Sahaya Infant Lasalle, T. Kamalesh, P. Karuppasamy, Muthu Senthil Pandian & P. Ramasamy

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  1. B. Sahaya Infant Lasalle
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study’s conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by BSIL, TK, PK, MSP, and PR. The first draft of the manuscript was written by BSIL and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to B. Sahaya Infant Lasalle.

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Lasalle, B.S.I., Kamalesh, T., Karuppasamy, P. et al. Investigation of growth, optical, thermal, mechanical, electrical, laser damage threshold properties of 1, 2, 3-Benzotriazolium Dihydrogen Phosphate (BTDHP) single crystal for nonlinear optical (NLO) applications. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 33, 24718–24733 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-022-09179-5

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