Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Crystal structure and microwave dielectric properties of Ba[(Zn1-xMgx)1/3Nb2/3]O3 ceramics

  • Published:
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Ba[(Zn1-xMgx)1/3Nb2/3]O3(x = 0 ~ 0.9) ceramics were prepared by the traditional solid-phase reaction sintering method. In this paper, the effects of MgO doping on the shrinkage, density, phase composition, crystal structure, microstructure, and microwave dielectric properties of Ba(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 (BZN) ceramics were investigated. The phase constituents, crystal structure, and microstructure of the ceramics were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). The results showed that Ba(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 as the main phase, and the secondary phase Ba5Nb4O15 was detected with high MgO content (x > 0.3). However, the appearance of secondary Ba5Nb4O15 directly led to the deterioration of the microwave dielectric properties of the samples. Ba[(Zn1–xMgx)1/3Nb2/3]O3 (x = 0.3) ceramics sintered at 1500 °C for 4 h possessed superior dielectric properties: εr = 36.31, Q × f = 111,326 GHz, τf =  + 12.1 ppm/°C. Such the ceramics could be used to make dielectric resonators and stable oscillators.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

Data are available on request to the corresponding author.

References

  1. M.T. Sebastian, R. Ubic, H. Jantunen, Low-loss dielectric ceramic materials and their properties. Int. Mater. Rev. 60(7), 392–412 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. M.A. Akbas, P.K. Davies, Cation ordering transformations in the Ba(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3-La(Zn2/3Nb1/3)O3 system. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 81(4), 1061–1064 (1998)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Y.C. Liou, J.H. Chen, H.W. Wang, C.Y. Liu, Synthesis of (BaxSr1−x)(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 ceramics by reaction-sintering process and microstructure. Mater. Res. Bull. 41(3), 455–460 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. M.S. Fu, X.Q. Liu, X.M. Chen, Y.W. Zeng, Effects of Mg substitution on microstructures and microwave dielectric properties of Ba(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 perovskite ceramics. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 93(3), 787–795 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. J. Li, C. Xing, H. Qiao, H. Chen, J. Yang, H. Dong, F. Shi, Crystal structure characteristics, dielectric loss, and vibrational spectra of Zn-rich non-stoichiometric Ba[(Zn1/3Nb2/3)1-xZnx]O3 ceramics. Mater. Res. Express. 4(7), 075910–075936 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. C.W. Ahn, H.J. Jang, S. Nahm, H.M. Park, H.J. Lee, Effects of microstructure on the microwave dielectric properties of Ba(Co1/3Nb2/3)O3 and (1–x)Ba(Co1/3Nb2/3)O3–xBa(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 ceramics. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 23(14), 2473–2478 (2003)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. V. Tolmer, G. Desgardin, Low-temperature sintering and influence of the process on the dielectric properties of Ba(Zn1/3Ta2/3)O3. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 80(8), 1981–1991 (1997)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. F. Azough, C. Leach, R. Freer, Effect of cation order on microwave dielectric properties of Ba(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 ceramics. Key. Eng. Mater. 264, 1153–1156 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. M. Onoda, J. Kuwata, K. Kaneta, K. Toyama, S. Nomura, Ba(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3-Sr(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 solid solution ceramics with temperature-stable high dielectric constant and low microwave loss. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 21(12R), 1707–1710 (1982)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. D. Sert, A. Mergen, Production of nanoscale Ba(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 microwave dielectric ceramics by polymerised complex method. J. Alloy. Compd. 482(1–2), 396–399 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. M. Barwick, F. Azough, R. Freer, Structure and dielectric properties of perovskite ceramics in the system Ba(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O3–Ba(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 26(10–11), 1767–1773 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. W. Xie, Q. Jiang, Q. Cao, H. Zhou, L. Ren, X. Luo, Microwave dielectric properties of (1–x)ZnNb2O6–xBa (Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 compound ceramic with near zero temperature coefficient. J. Mater. Sci: Mater. Electron. 29(3), 2170–2174 (2018)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. B.W. Hakki, P.D. Coleman, A dielectric resonator method of measuring inductive capacities in the millimeter range. IEEE. T. Microw. Theory. 8(4), 402–410 (1960)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. E. Koga, Y. Yamagishi, H. Moriwake, K. Kakimoto, H. Ohsato, Order-disorder transition and its effect on microwave quality factor Q in Ba(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 system. J. electroceram. 17(2), 375–379 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. A. Mergen, E. Korkmaz, Effect of In, Ce and Bi dopings on sintering and dielectric properties of Ba(Zn1/3Nb2/3) O3 ceramics. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 31(14), 2649–2655 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. C.S. Park, S. Nahm, Y.S. Kim, H.J. Lee, M.H. Kim, J.D. Byun, Effect of WO3 on the microstructure and microwave characteristics of Ba(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 ceramics. J. Korean Phys. Soc. 32(Suppl. 1), S340–S342 (1998)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. B. Tang, Z. Fang, Y. Li, X. Zang, S. Zhang, Microwave dielectric properties of Ba(Co0.56Y0.04Zn0.35)1/3Nb2/3+ xO3 (x = − 0.004 ~ 0.008) ceramics. J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron 26(9), 6585–6591 (2015)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. T.L. Sun, X.M. Chen, Raman spectra analysis for Ba[(Mg1-xNix)1/3Nb2/3]O3 microwave dielectric ceramics. AIP Adv. 5(1), 017106 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. K.S. Hong, I.T. Kim, C.D. Kim, Order-disorder phase formation in the complex perovskite compounds Ba(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O3 and Ba(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 79(12), 3218–3224 (1996)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. I.G. Siny, R.W. Tao, R.S. Katiyar, R.Y. Guo, A.S. Bhalla, Raman spectroscopy of Mg-Ta order-disorder in BaMg13Ta23O3. J. Phys. Chem. Solids. 59(2), 181–195 (1998)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. S.J. Webb, J. Breeze, R.I. Scott, D.S. Cannell, D.M. Iddles, N.M. Alford, Raman spectroscopic study of gallium-doped Ba(Zn1/3Ta2/3)O3. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 85(7), 1753–1756 (2002)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. C.T. Chia, Y.C. Chen, H.F. Cheng, Correlation of microwave dielectric properties and normal vibration modes of xBa(Mg1/3Ta2/3)O3–(1–x)Ba(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 ceramics: I Raman spectroscopy. J. Appl. Phys. 94(5), 3360–3364 (2003)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. C.J. Lee, G. Pezzotti, S.H. Kang, D.J. Kim, K.S. Hong, Quantitative analysis of lattice distortion in Ba(Zn1/3Ta2/3)O3 microwave dielectric ceramics with added B2O3 using Raman spectroscopy. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 26(8), 1385–1391 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. P.F. Ning, L.X. Li, P. Zhang, W.S. Xia, Raman scattering, electronic structure and microwave dielectric properties of Ba([Mg1-xZnx]1/3Ta2/3)O3 ceramics. Ceram. Int. 38(2), 1391–1398 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. S.Y. Cho, M.K. Seo, K.S. Hong, S.J. Park, I.T. Kim, Influence of ZnO evaporation on the microwave dielectric properties of La(Zn12Ti12)O3. Mater. Res. Bull. 32(6), 725–735 (1997)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. B. Tang, Q. Xiang, Z. Fang, X. Zhang, Z. Xiong, H. Li, C. Yuan, S. Zhang, Influence of Cr3+ substitution for Mg2+ on the crystal structure and microwave dielectric properties of CaMg1-xCr2x/3Si2O6 ceramics. Ceram. Int. 45(9), 11484–11490 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. R.D. Shannon, Dielectric polarizabilities of ions in oxides and fluorides. J. Appl. Phys. 73(1), 348–366 (1993)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. K. Jayakumari, C. Mahadevan, Growth and X-ray studies of (NaCl)x(KCl)y-x(KBr)1-y single crystals. J. Phys. Chem. Solids. 66(10), 1705–1713 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. C.C. You, C.L. Huang, C.C. Wei, J.W. Huang, Improved high-q dielectric resonator sintered at low firing temperature. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 34(4A), 1911–1915 (1995)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. J.N. Plendl, A. Hadni, J. Claudel, Y. Henninger, G. Morlot, P. Strimer, L.C. Mansur, Far infrared study of the copper halides at low temperatures. Appl Optics. 5(3), 397–401 (1966)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. B.D. Silverman, Microwave absorption in cubic strontium titanate. Phys. Rev. 125(6), 1921–1930 (1962)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. K.P. Surendran, M.T. Sebastian, P. Mohanan, R.L. Moreira, Effect of nonstoichiometry on the structure and microwave dielectric properties of Ba(Mg0.33Ta0.67)O3. Chem. Mater. 17(1), 142–151 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. F. Galasso, J. Pyle, Ordering in compounds of the A(B’0.33Ta0.67)O3 type. Inorg. Chem. 2(3), 482–484 (1963)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. X. Zhang, Q. Wang, B. Gu, Study of the order-disorder transition in A(B′B″)O3 perovskite type ceramics. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 74(11), 2846–2850 (1991)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. S. Kawashima, M. Nishida, I. Ueda, H. Ouchi, Ba(Zn1/3Ta2/3)O3 ceramics with low dielectric loss at microwave frequencies. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 66(6), 421–423 (1983)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. S.J. Penn, N.M. Alford, A. Templeton, X. Wang, M. Xu, M. Reece, K. Schrapel, Effect of porosity and grain size on the microwave dielectric properties of sintered alumina. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 80(7), 1885–1888 (1997)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. W. Wersing, Microwave ceramics for resonators and filters. Curr. Opin. Solid. St. M. 1(5), 715–731 (1996)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Y.C. Liou, W.H. Shiu, C.Y. Shih, Microwave ceramics Ba5Nb4O15 and Sr5Nb4O15 prepared by a reaction-sintering process. Mater. Sci. Eng. B. 131(1–3), 142–146 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. K. Endo, K. Fujimoto, K. Murakawa, Dielectric properties of ceramics in Ba(Co1/3Nb2/3)O3–Ba(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 solid solution. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 70(9), C-215–C−218 (1987)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. M.H. Kim, Y.H. Jeong, S. Nahm, H.T. Kim, H.J. Lee, Effect of B2O3 and CuO additives on the sintering temperature and microwave dielectric properties of Ba(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 ceramics. J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 26(10–11), 2139–2142 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. D. Yang, Z. Yue, H. Zhuang, S. Meng, L. Li, Microwave dielectric properties of Ba(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3-BaWO4 composite ceramics. Ferroelectrics 388(1), 88–92 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Z. Li, F. Gao, G.X. Hu, D. Zhang, Y. Zhang, H. Sun, Effect of sintering parameters on the microstructure and microwave dielectric properties of Ba(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3–ZnNb2O6 ceramics. J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 25(11), 5020–5026 (2014)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Funding

This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province (Grant Nos. 2022JJ50197, 2022JJ50190), the scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department (Grant No. 21B0681), the graduate scientific research innovation project of Shaoyang University (Grant No. CX2021SY049), the fund of Science and Technology on Electro-Optical Information Security control Laboratory (Grant No. 2021JCJQLB055012).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Provincial Key Laboratory of Informational Service for Rural Area of Southwestern Hunan, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, 422000, China

    Yu Zhang, Lei Xiao, Sen Peng & Weichun Liu

  2. School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China

    Sen Peng

  3. Department of Basics, Air Force Early Warning Academy, Wuhan, 430019, China

    Tulin Yi

  4. Department of Primary Education, Xiangzhong Normal College for Preschool Education, Shaoyang, 422000, China

    Qiang Li

  5. Science and Technology on Electro-Optical Information Security Control Laboratory, Tianjin, 300308, China

    Weichun Liu & Yuxin Sun

Authors
  1. Yu Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Lei Xiao
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Sen Peng
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Qiang Li
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Tulin Yi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Weichun Liu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Yuxin Sun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

YZ: investigation and writing—original draft; LX: editing and writing—original draft; SP: project administration, conceptualization and writing—original draft; QL: writing—editing; TY: resources and methodology; WL: writing—editing; YS: investigation.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Sen Peng or Tulin Yi.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Consent for publication

The authors declare that this manuscript has not been published previously and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zhang, Y., Xiao, L., Peng, S. et al. Crystal structure and microwave dielectric properties of Ba[(Zn1-xMgx)1/3Nb2/3]O3 ceramics. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 33, 23116–23127 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-022-09077-w

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-022-09077-w

Search

Navigation