Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Effect of l-proline dopant on structural, optical, dielectric, and NLO properties of imidazolinium l-tartrate (IMLT) single crystals

  • Published:
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The slow evaporation solution growth approach was used to grow the crystals of pure and l-proline doped imidazolium l-tartrate (IMLT), an organic nonlinear optical materials. According to single crystal and powder XRD analysis, the grown crystals show monoclinic structure and alterations in diffraction peak locations related to the dopant l-proline. The effects of the dopant on the optical properties of the formed crystals are revealed by the transmittance spectrum measurements. Band gap and cut-off wavelength are affected by l-proline in to IMLT single crystals. The surface morphology of the grown crystals was examined by the etching study which reveals the growth mechanism of pure and l-proline doped IMLT crystals. Etch pits in rectangular pattern were found to appear. The dielectric and AC conductivity of IMLT was significantly improved by l-proline doping. The intensity of Second Harmonic Generation is found to be 3.7 times higher than that of KDP crystals. A range of analysis suggests suitability and potentiality of IMLT crystal for various optoelectronic applications.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, upon reasonable request.

References

  1. N. Pattanaboonmee, P. Ramasamy, R. Yimnirun, P. Manyum, A comparative study on pure, l-arginine and glycine doped ammonium dihydrogen orthophosphate single crystals grown by slow solvent evaporation and temperature-gradient method. J. Cryst. Growth. 314, 196–201 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. M. Prakash, D. Geetha, M. Lydia-Caroline, P.S. Ramesh, Crystal growth, structural, optical, dielectric and thermal studies of an amino acid based organic NLO material: L-phenylalanine L-phenylalaninium malonate. Spectrochim. Acta A 83, 461–466 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. R. Silbey, The structure and properties of the organic solid state, in Nonlinear Optical Properties of Organic Molecules and Crystals, vol. 1, ed. by D.S. Chemla, J. Zyss (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1987), pp. 3–20

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  4. H.S. Nalwa, S. Miyata, Nonlinear Optics of Organic Molecules and Polymers (CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1997)

    Google Scholar 

  5. S. Basu, A review of nonlinear optical organic materials. Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev. 23, 183–186 (1984)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. F. Bures, O. Pytela, T. Mikysek, J. Ludvık, Imidazole as a donor/acceptor unit in charge-transfer chromophores with extended π-linkers. Chemistry 6, 1604–1612 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  7. S.R. Forrest, M.E. Thompson, Introduction: organic electronics and optoelectronics. Chem. Rev. 107, 923–1386 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. G.S. He, L.S. Tan, Q. Zheng, P.N. Prasad, Multiphoton absorbing materials: molecular designs, characterizations, and applications. Chem. Rev. 108, 1245–1330 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Y. Ohmori, Development of organic light-emitting diodes for electro-optical integrated devices. Laser Photonics Rev. 4, 300–310 (2009)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. G. Smith, D. Wermutha, J.M. White, Hydrogen bonding in proton-transfer compounds of 5-sulfosalicylic acid with bicyclic heteroaromatic Lewis bases. Acta Crystallogr. C 60, o575–o581 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. A.P. Vasilenko, A.V. Kolesnikov, E.M. Trukhanov, N.A. Pylneva, A.M. Yurkin, V.V. Atuchin, X-ray topography study of LiB3O5 crystals grown from molybdate flux. J. Phys. 15, 6801–6808 (2003)

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. V.V. Atuchin, L.I. Isaenko, V.G. Kesler, AYu. Tarasova, Single crystal growth and surface chemical stability of KPb2 Br5. J. Crys. Growt. 318, 1000–1004 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Z.-H. Kang, J. Guo, Z.-S. Feng, J.-Y. Gao, J.-J. Xie, L.-M. Zhang, V. Atuchin, Y. Andreev, G. Lanskii, A. Shaiduko, Tellurium and sulfur doped GaSe for mid-IR applications. Appl. Phys. B 108, 545–552 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. V.V. Atuchin, V.A. Golyashov, K.A. Kokh, I.V. Korolkov, A.S. Kozhukhov et al., Crystal growth of Bi2Te3 and noble cleaved (0001) surface properties. J. Solid State Chem. 236, 203–208 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. D.A. Vinnik, D.S. Klygach, V.E. Zhivulin, A.I. Malkin, M.G. Vakhitov, Electromagnetic properties of BaFe12O19: Ti at centimeter wavelengths. J. Alloy. Compd. 755, 177–183 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Yu.M. Andreev, V.V. Atuchin, G.V. Lanskii, N.V. Pervukhina, V.V. Popov, N.C. Trocenco, Linear optical properties of LiIn(S1–xSex)2 crystals and tuning of phase matching condition. Solid State Sci. 7, 1188–1193 (2005)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Yu.M. Andreev, V.V. Atuchin, G.V. Lanskii, A.N. Morozov, L.D. Pokrovsky, SYu. Sarkisov, O.V. Voevodina, Growth, real structure and applications of GaSe1−xSx crystals. Mater. Sci. Eng., B 128, 205–210 (2006)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. C.V. Ramana, V.V. Atuchin, U. Becker, R.C. Ewing, L.I. Isaenko, OYu. Khyzhun, A.A. Merkulov, L.D. Pokrovsky, Low-energy Ar+ ion-beam-induced amorphization and chemical modification of potassium titanyl arsenate (001) crystal surfaces. J. Phys. Chem. C. 111, 2702–2708 (2007)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. ISh. Steinberg, A.V. Kirpichnikov, V.V. Atuchin, Two-photon absorption in undoped LiTaO3 crystals. Opt. Mater. 78, 253–258 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Z. Kotler, R. Hierle, D. Josse, J. Zyss, R. Masse, Quadratic nonlinear-optical properties of a new transparent and highly efficient organic–inorganic crystal: 2-amino-5-nitropyridinium-dihydrogen phosphate (2A5NPDP). JOSA B. 9, 534–547 (1992)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. C.B. Aakeroy, P.B. Hitchcock, X-ray study of static disorder in N-methylacetamide. Acta Crystallogr. Sect. C. 50, 759–761 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. M. Shakir, S.K. Kushwaha, K.K. Maurya, R.C. Bhatt, M.A. Wahab, G. Bhagavannarayana, Unidirectional growth of l-proline cadmium chloride monohydrate single crystal and its characterization for structural, vibrational, LDT, optical and dielectric properties. Mater. Chem. Phys. 120, 566–570 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. C. Serbutoviez, J.F. Nicoud, J. Fischer, I. Ledoux, J. Zyss, Crystalline zwitterionic stilbazolium derivatives with large quadratic optical nonlinearities. Chem. Mater. 6, 1358–1368 (1994)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. T. Prasanyaa, M. Haris, V. Mathivanan, M. Senthilkumar, T. Mahalingam, V. Jayaramakrishnan, Synthesis and characterization of pure, urea and thiourea doped organic NLO l-arginine trifluoroacetate single crystals. Mater. Chem. Phys. 147, 433–438 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. A. Kumaresh, R. Arun Kumar, M. Arivanandhan, Y. Hayakawa, The effect of hippuric acid on crystal growth, structural and optical properties of ZTS single crystals. J. Crys. Growt. 401, 874 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. C.B. Aakeroy, P.B. Hitchcock, Hydrogen-bonded layers of hydrogentartrate anions: two-dimensional building blocks for crystal engineering. J. Mater. Chem. 3, 1129–1135 (1993)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. M. Parthibavarman, S. Sathishkumar, S. Prabhakaran, Enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity of tin oxide nanoparticles synthesized by different microwave optimum conditions. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 29, 2341–2350 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. N.N. Golovnev, M.S. Molokeev, S.N. Vereshchagin, V.V. Atuchin, Calcium and strontium thiobarbiturates with discrete and polymeric structures. J. Coord. Chem. 66, 4119–4130 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. N.N. Golovnev, M.S. Molokeev, S.N. Vereshchagin, V.V. Atuchin, Crystal structure and properties of the precursor [Ni(H2O)6](HTBA)2·2H2O and the complexes M(HTBA)2(H2O)2 (M = Ni Co, Fe). Polyhedron 70, 71–76 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. J. Baran, A.J. Barnes, H. Ratajczak, The polarized IR and Raman spectra of the diglycine hydrochloride crystal. J. Mol. Struct. 1009, 55–68 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. A. Mohd, G.G. Muley, M.D. Shirsat, S.S. Hussaini, Growth, linear–non-linear optical, fluorescence, thermal and electrical studies of glycine-doped bis-thiourea cadmium formate crystal for electro-optic device applications. Mater. Res. Innov. 19, 338–344 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. A.M. Petrosyan, R.P. Sukiasyan, H.A. Karapetyan, S.S. Terzyan, R.S. Feigelson, Growth and investigation of new non-linear optical crystals of LAP family. J. Cryst. Growth. 213, 103–111 (2000)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. K. Thukral, N. Vijayan, D. Haranath, K.K. Maurya, J. Philip, V. Jayaramakrishnan, Comprehensive study on l-Proline lithium chloride monohydrate single crystal: a semiorganic material for nonlinear optical applications. Arab. J. Chem. 12, 3193–3201 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. C.V. Ramana, G. Carbajal-Franco, R.S. Vemuri, I.B. Troitskaia, S.A. Gromilov, V.V. Atuchin, Optical properties and thermal stability of germanium oxide (GeO2) nanocrystals with quartz structure. Mater. Sci. Eng., B 174, 279–284 (2010)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. V.V. Atuchin, A.K. Subanakov, A.S. Aleksandrovsky, B.G. Bazarov, J.G. Bazarova, S.G. Dorzhieva, T.A. Gavrilova et al., Exploration of structural, thermal, vibrational and spectroscopic properties of new noncentrosymmetric double borate Rb3NdB6O12. Adv. Powder Technol. 128, 1309–1315 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. P. Lakshmi Praveen, D.P. Ojha, Calculation of spectral shifts in UV–visible region and photoresponsive behaviour of fluorinated liquid crystals: effect of solvent and substituent. Mater. Chem. Phys. 135, 628–634 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. P. Lakshmi Praveen, D.P. Ojha, Calculation of spectral shifts in UV–visible region and photo stability of thermotropic liquid crystals: solvent and alkyl chain length effects. J. Mol. Liq. 169, 110–116 (2012)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. P. Lakshmi Praveen, D.S. Ramakrishnan, D.P. Ojha, UV spectral characterization of a smectic-C liquid crystal: theoretical support to the experiment. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 643, 76–82 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. P. Lakshmi Praveen, 7-Hexyloxy-3-[4′-(3-methylbutyloxy) phenyl]-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one: study of smectic behaviour and UV absorption profile. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 667, 44–53 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. P. Lakshmi Praveen, D.P. Ojha, Optical absorption behavior and spectral shifts of fluorinated liquid crystals in ultraviolet region: a comparative study based on DFT and semiempirical approaches. J. Mol. Liq. 194, 8–12 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. S.H. Wemple, M. DiDomenico Jr., Behaviour of electronic dielectric constant in covalent and ionic materials. Phy. Rev. B. 3, 1338–1350 (1971)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. J.M. Kavitha, C.K. Mahadevan, Growth and characterization of pure and glycine added morenosite single crystals. Int. J. Eng. Res. Appl. 3, 1931–1940 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  43. M. Magesh, G. Anandha Babu, P. Ramasamy, Investigation on growth and characterization of dimethyl ammonium picrate (DMAP) single crystal grown by conventional and SR method. J. Cryst. Growth 324, 201–206 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. V. Sivasubramani, M. Senthil Pandian, K. Boopathi, P. Ramasamy, Crystal growth, structural, optical, thermal and dielectric studies of non-linear optical 2-amino-5-nitropyridinium nitrate (2A5NPN) single crystals. Mater. Res. Innov. 22, 128–136 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. F. Akhtar, J. Podder, A study on structural, optical, electrical and etching characteristics of pure and L-alanine doped potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystals. J. Cryst. Process Technol. 1, 55 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  46. S. Amelinckx, Direct observation of dislocations (Academic Press, New York, 1964)

    Google Scholar 

  47. K. Sangwal: Etching of crystals; theory, experiment, and application, Volume 15 aus, der Reihe: Defects in Solids, (Eds.), S. Amelinckx - J. Nihoul, North-Holland, Amsterdam, Oxford, New York, Tokyo 1987. 497 Seiten, Preis: Dfl. 275

  48. J.H. Joshi, G.M. Joshi, M.J. Joshi, H.O. Jethva, K.D. Parikh, Raman, photoluminescence, AC electrical studies of pure and L-serine doped ammonium dihydrogen phosphate single crystals: the understanding of defect chemistry in hydrogen bonding. New J. Chem. 42, 17227–17249 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. M. Meena, C.K. Mahadevan, Growth and electrical characterization of L-arginine added KDP and ADP single crystals. Cryst. Res. Technol. 43, 166–172 (2008)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. A.K. Jonscher, Dielectric Relaxation in Solids (Chelsea Dielectric Press, London, 1983)

    Google Scholar 

  51. V.N. Joshi, Photoconductivity (Marcel Dekker, New York, 1990)

    Google Scholar 

  52. J. Jeyaram, K. Varadharajan, B. Singaram, R. Rajendhran, Optical, photoconducting, thermal and anisotropic mechanical behaviour of Benzimidazolium salicylate single crystals. J. Sci. Adv. Mater. Dev. 2, 445–454 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  53. P. Karuppasamy, V. Sivasubramani, M.S. Pandian, P. Ramasamy, Growth and characterization of semi-organic third order nonlinear optical (NLO) potassium 3,5-dinitrobenzoate (KDNB) single crystals. RSC Adv. 6, 109105–109123 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  54. S.K. Kurtz, T.T. Perry, A powder technique for the evaluation of nonlinear optical materials. J. Appl. Phys. 39, 3798–3813 (1968)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Salem Sowdeswari College, Salem, Tamilnadu, 636010, India

    S. Valarmathi

  2. PG and Research Department of Chemistry, Thiruvalluvar Government Arts College, Rasipuram, 637401, Tamilnadu, India

    K. Saravanan

Authors
  1. S. Valarmathi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. K. Saravanan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

SV and KS, study conceptualization and writing (original draft) the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to K. Saravanan.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare they have no conflicts of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (DOCX 62 kb)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Valarmathi, S., Saravanan, K. Effect of l-proline dopant on structural, optical, dielectric, and NLO properties of imidazolinium l-tartrate (IMLT) single crystals. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 33, 18686–18698 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-022-08717-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-022-08717-5

Search

Navigation