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Low-content core–shell-structured TiO2 nanobelts@SiO2 doped with poly(vinylidene fluoride) composites to achieve high-energy storage density

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Abstract

Polymer film capacitors have a high power density and great application potential in high-power electronic devices; however, high-energy storage density of polymer composites is usually obtained via doping high-content ceramic filler. An efficient approach to solve this issue is to dope polymers with an ultralow-content ceramic filler to improve their energy storage density. In this work, one-dimensional (1D) TiO2 nanobelts@SiO2 (TO nb@SO) are prepared via the hydrothermal reaction, muffle calcination, and hydrolysis. Extremely low-content TO nb@SO/poly(vinylidene fluoride) (TO nb@SO/PVDF) composites are prepared. The microstructure, crystalline structure, dielectric properties, electric breakdown strength, and discharge energy density are systematically investigated. The results show that the nanobelts have a width of 250 nm, a length of 1–2 μm, and a uniform shell layer at the edge with a thickness of ∼25 nm. The relative dielectric constant of the composites is significantly enhanced; it reaches 11 for PVDF at 100 Hz, and 12.03 for 0.5 wt% TO nb@SO/PVDF. The theoretical dielectric constant is calculated based on a mathematical model and compared with the measured value. 1D materials with a large aspect ratio are beneficial in the improvement of the dielectric properties. The Weibull breakdown field strength is 381.3 MV/m for 0.5 wt% TO nb@SO/PVDF. A discharge energy density of 8.86 J/cm3 is obtained at 390 MV/m, while a high charge/discharge efficiency of 66.28% is achieved. To conclude, this work provides a valuable method for increasing the energy storage density and charge/discharge efficiency of dielectric capacitors.

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Acknowledgements

The author thanks the support of the Heilongjiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. JJ2020LH2012), and the University Nursing Program for the Young Scholars with Creative Talents in Heilongjiang Province (Grant No. UNPYSCT-2018124).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Changzhou Institute of Technology, Changzhou, 213032, People’s Republic of China

    Liang Gao

  2. School of Electrical and Engineering, Suihua University, Suihua, 152061, People’s Republic of China

    Liang Gao, Jiaqi Zhang, Lingyun Song, Xilong Bai & Changxing Yu

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  1. Liang Gao
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  2. Jiaqi Zhang
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  4. Xilong Bai
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Gao, L., Zhang, J., Song, L. et al. Low-content core–shell-structured TiO2 nanobelts@SiO2 doped with poly(vinylidene fluoride) composites to achieve high-energy storage density. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 33, 18345–18355 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-022-08688-7

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