Abstract
In this work, nanoparticles of the trirutile-type oxide NiSb2O6 were synthesized for its application as a gas sensor using the colloidal method assisted by microwave radiation. The crystalline evolution of the powders was analyzed by X-ray diffraction, finding the phase NiSb2O6 at 600 °C. SEM micrographs revealed the growth of microspheres, microrods, and irregularly shaped particles. Using TEM, the average size of the nanoparticles was calculated at ~ 17.1 nm. For dynamic tests, pellets and thick films were made from the powders calcined at 600 °C. For the thick films, alternating current was used at frequencies of 0.1 and 1 kHz in C3H8 and CO2 atmospheres at 360 °C, where the material’s sensitivity magnitude in CO2 was ~ 2.61% (0.1 kHz) and ~ 2.97% (1 kHz). In contrast, for C3H8, the sensitivity was ~ 6.69% (0.1 kHz) and ~ 5.12% (1 kHz) on average. For the pellets, direct current signals and volumetric flow rates of 100, 150, and 200 cm3/min of CO at 200 °C were applied, where the sensitivities were ~ 24.37, ~ 35.33, and ~ 40.77%, respectively. In each test, the sensitivity visibly increased when the gases were injected. Likewise, the response and recovery times decreased when the frequency and gas concentration increased. The results obtained for the trirutile-type oxide NiSb2O6, which showed good stability, efficiency, and high sensitivity in CO2, C3H8, and CO atmospheres, make it ideal as a toxic gas sensor.
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The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank Mexico’s National Council of Science and Technology (CONACyT), and the University of Guadalajara for the support granted. Jorge-Alberto Ramírez-Ortega thanks CONACyT for a PhD scholarship. Likewise, we thank Dra. M. de la Luz Olvera Amador, Dr. Víctor Manuel Soto García, Dr. Jaime Santoyo Salazar and Miguel Ángel Luna Arias for their technical assistance. This research was carried out following the line of research “Nanostructured Semiconductor Oxides” of the academic group UDG-CA-895 “Nanostructured Semiconductors” of CUCEI, University of Guadalajara.
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JAR-O and AG-B synthetized the NiSb2O6 Oxide Powders; HG-B, VMR-B, AS-M and LG-O developed the Physical characterization of NiSb2O6 Powders; JTG-B, EH-P and JR-G developed the electrical characterization of NiSb2O6 oxide powders. All authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Ramírez-Ortega, J.A., Guillén-Bonilla, H., Guillén-Bonilla, A. et al. Synthesis of the oxide NiSb2O6 and its electrical characterization in toxic atmospheres for its application as a gas sensor. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 33, 18268–18283 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-022-08683-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-022-08683-y