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Synthesis, growth, and two-photon absorption induced optical limiting action of cytosinium benzoate single crystal

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Abstract

Two-photon absorption induced optical limiting action was demonstrated in cytosinium benzoate (CB) under nanosecond laser (532 nm, 9 ns, and 10 Hz) excitation. Intensity dependent open aperture Z-scan experiment exposed the presence of reverse saturable absorption ascribed due to sequential two-photon absorption. Initially CB single crystals were grown at room temperature by slow evaporation solution technique. Single crystal XRD shows that CB belongs to monoclinic crystal system with P21/c space group. Fourier Transform Infrared spectrum was recorded to identify the presence of functional groups. Thermal studies shows that the crystal is stable upto 168 °C. Vickers microhardness studies confirm that the grown crystal was belongs to soft material category. Etching study shows linear rectangular etch patterns (5 s) and well defined stacking planes (10 s) for water etchant. Optical studies demonstrate that CB crystal possess lower cut-off (287 nm) and moderate linear transmittance in visible region. The optical energy band gap of CB crystal was estimated from photoluminescence studies as 3.1 eV. CB with higher two-photon absorption coefficient (1.26 × 10–10 m/W) and lower onset limiting threshold (1.92 × 1012 W/m2) can be a potential candidate for developing laser safety devices under nanosecond green laser excitation regime.

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The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are thankful to Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility (SAIF), Indian Institute of Technology Madras, India for single crystal XRD analysis. The authors gratefully acknowledge to Central Instrumentation Facility (CIF), Pondicherry University, India for TG/DTA/DSC and FTIR analysis.

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The authors declare that no funds, grants, or other support were received during the preparation of this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. PG & Research Department of Physics, National College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620001, India

    P. Jaikumar

  2. Crystal Growth Laboratory, Department of Physics, Thanthai Periyar Government Arts and Science College (Autonomous), Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620023, India

    T. Balakrishnan

  3. School of Physics, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620024, India

    K. Ramamurthi

  4. Nanophotonics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, 620024, India

    M. Saravanan & T. C. Sabari Girisun

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  1. P. Jaikumar
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Conceptualization; Investigation; Writing—Original draft: (PJ), Project administration; Supervision, Writing—Review: (TB), Project administration: (KR), Conceptualization; Writing: (MS), Investigation: Supervision: (TCSG). All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to P. Jaikumar or T. Balakrishnan.

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Jaikumar, P., Balakrishnan, T., Ramamurthi, K. et al. Synthesis, growth, and two-photon absorption induced optical limiting action of cytosinium benzoate single crystal. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 33, 17502–17512 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-022-08607-w

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