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Structural, dielectric, and ferroelectric properties of BaTiO3–Bi(Ni1/2Ti1/2)O3 lead-free ceramics with remarkable energy storage performance under low electric fields

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Abstract

In order to fabricate high-performance dielectric capacitors for pulsed power applications, (1 − x)BaTiO3–xBi(Ni1/2Ti1/2)O3 [(1 − x)BT–xBNT] polycrystalline ceramics were prepared by solid-state reaction method. Profound structural tests by Raman spectrum and X-ray diffraction verified Ni2+ and Bi3+ partially substituted the Ti and Ba sites, respectively. Severe tetragonal to pseudocubic structural transition occurred in the case of x = 0.05 ~ 0.10. Frequency, intensity, and width changed in certain rules with x, suggesting local structures severely varied. From the complex impedance analysis, grain and grain boundary shared the same time constant. The high-temperature resistivity followed the Arrhenius law with Ea = 0.8–1.3 eV, suggesting the conductivity governed by the oxygen vacancies in the BT–BNT ceramics. Addition of BNT made the BT-based ceramics change from typical ferroelectric to relaxation ferroelectric and improved its energy storage and efficiency. At the optimum performance component x = 0.15, energy storage density up to 1.46 J/cm3, ultrahigh energy efficiency of 90.9%, and high-temperature/frequency stability were realized simultaneously under low electric fields. This study offers a feasible method to design high-energy storage lead-free ceramics under low electric fields.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Natural Science Youth Foundation of Anhui Province (Grant No. 1808085QE153); the Natural Science key Project of Anhui Education Department (Grant No. KJ2018A0436); and the National University Students’ Innovation and Entrepreneurship Program (Grant No. 202010377021).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Material and Chemical Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou, 239000, China

    Xuechen Huang, Sen Li, Huijuan Long, Fengyin Xiao & Yaxi Chen

  2. Laboratory of Dielectric Functional Materials, School of Material Science and Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei, 230601, China

    Chunchang Wang & Pengfei Chen

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  1. Xuechen Huang
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  2. Sen Li
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  3. Chunchang Wang
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  4. Huijuan Long
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  7. Yaxi Chen
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Contributions

XH contributed to investigation, methodology, writing of the original draft, and funding acquisition. SL contributed to investigation, methodology, and writing of the manuscript. CW contributed to resources and writing, reviewing, & editing of the manuscript. HL contributed to investigation and methodology. PC contributed to investigation and methodology. FX contributed to investigation and methodology. YC contributed to investigation, methodology, and reviewing of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Xuechen Huang.

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Huang, X., Li, S., Wang, C. et al. Structural, dielectric, and ferroelectric properties of BaTiO3–Bi(Ni1/2Ti1/2)O3 lead-free ceramics with remarkable energy storage performance under low electric fields. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 33, 10042–10056 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-022-07995-3

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