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Effect of calcination temperature on structural, optical and antibacterial properties of ball mill synthesized Co3O4 nanomaterials

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Abstract

In the present work, we have investigated the role of calcination temperature in altering the structural, optical and antibacterial properties of ball mill synthesized Co3O4 nanoparticles. The outcomes of X-ray diffraction patterns and their Rietveld refinement confirm the presence of spinel cubic phase of Co3O4 and lattice expansion with increase in calcination temperature. The crystallite size and micro-strain values obtained from Williamson-Hall plot method, show increasing and decreasing trends respectively with increase in calcination temperature. The Raman spectra of the samples exhibit vibrational modes related to the Co3O4 cubic structure only. The particle size and morphology of the nanoparticles have been examined with the help of scanning electron microscopy and these results are consistent with the XRD findings. The red shift in the optical band gap of the nanoparticles has been observed with increasing calcination temperature. Important optical parameters such as refractive index, extinction coefficient, dielectric constant and conductivity are found to be dependent on the calcination temperature. The existence of various types of defects and vacancies has been confirmed from the results of photoluminescence spectroscopy. The bactericidal activity of the Co3O4 samples has been examined towards the Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. This study shows that the optical and antibacterial properties are strongly correlated to the structural properties of Co3O4 nanoparticles which can be tuned by varying calcination temperature.

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Acknowledgements

One of the authors Jasvir Singh gratefully acknowledges University Grant Commission for providing UGC-BSR fellowship to carry out this research work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India

    Jasvir Singh, Gurdev Preet Singh, Ravish Kumar Jain, K. J. Singh & Ravi Chand Singh

  2. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, 143005, India

    Brhamjot Singh

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  1. Jasvir Singh
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  2. Gurdev Preet Singh
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Contributions

JS: sample preparation, experiment, data collection and analysis, interpretation of the results, methodology, conceptualization and writing the manuscript. GPS: sample preparation, experiment and data collection. RKJ: writing, reviewing and editing of the manuscript. BS: experiment, data collection and writing the original draft. KJS: resources, interpretation of results, reviewing and editing of the manuscript. RCS: supervision, resources, interpretation of results, reviewing and editing of the manuscript. All the authors participated in the discussions to interpret the experimental results.

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Correspondence to Ravi Chand Singh.

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Singh, J., Singh, G.P., Jain, R.K. et al. Effect of calcination temperature on structural, optical and antibacterial properties of ball mill synthesized Co3O4 nanomaterials. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 33, 3250–3266 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-021-07526-6

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