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Design of low cost, scalable, and high-performance TiS2 thermoelectric materials via wet ball-milling process

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Abstract

Thermoelectric (TE) materials could provide an efficient means for recovering waste heat energy if a low cost, scalable, and high figure-of-merit material could be fabricated. Here, we report, for the first time, a wet ball-milling method to achieve high-performance two-dimensional (2D) semi-metallic TiS2 nanoplatelets. TiO2 is milled, annealed, and sintered with sulfur under high pressure. The addition of a small amount of sulfur (S) powder during the annealing period prevents sulfur deficiency in the sintered compact, resulting in the formation of a near-stoichiometric TiS2 composition. The formation of 2D TiS2 nanoplatelets was confirmed by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The TE properties were measured in the temperature range of 25–100 °C. Further, we obtain that the prepared TiS2 has as high figure of merit as 0.35 at 100 °C. Novel wet ball mill processing strategies for the development of high-performance 2D materials such as TiS2 make it possible to incorporate these materials for scaled-up device fabrication.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by a grant from the National Research Foundation of Korea funded by the Korean government (MSIP) (NRF-2015R1A5A1036133).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea

    Pandiyarasan Veluswamy & Byung Jin Cho

  2. Flexible Thermoelectric Device Technology Center, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea

    Pandiyarasan Veluswamy

  3. Graduate School of EEWS, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea

    Saravanan Subramanian & Cafer T. Yavuz

  4. Inorganic Materials and Catalysis Division, CSIR-Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, 364002, India

    Saravanan Subramanian

  5. Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India

    Saravanan Subramanian

  6. Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea

    Muhmood ul Hassan & Ho Jin Ryu

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  1. Pandiyarasan Veluswamy
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Correspondence to Pandiyarasan Veluswamy or Byung Jin Cho.

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Veluswamy, P., Subramanian, S., ul Hassan, M. et al. Design of low cost, scalable, and high-performance TiS2 thermoelectric materials via wet ball-milling process. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 33, 8822–8832 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-021-06914-2

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