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Calcium ion-selective electrode based on the facile synthesis of CuO over Cu wires

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Abstract

Here, we report a simple, cost-effective and repeatable process to grow copper(II) oxide (CuO) over a Cu wire. Characterization of the prepared CuO structures revealed a pure phase of CuO with high-density nanostructures. By applying dibenzo-18-crown-6 as an ionophore, CuO (as a solid contact, SC) was developed into a calcium (Ca2+) ion-selective electrode (ISE) with a linear activity range between 10 μM and 100 mM, an average Nernstian slope (sensitivity) of 32.3 ± 1.3 mV/decade, and a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 10 μM. When tested for selectivity among three ions (magnesium, nickel, and sodium) in addition to the target ion, the electrode had better selectivity toward Ca2+ ions. We were able to demonstrate that the proposed Cu/CuO electrode was stable within the pH range from 5.0 to 9.0 for a period of 60 days. Our results of the proposed SC-ISE exhibit a good potential response and acceptable stability, and they show a clear indication that Cu/CuO nanostructures (SC-ISE) can be used as an ion-to-electron transducer for low-cost solid-state potentiometric sensors.

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Acknowledgements

The research was funded by Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), grant number GGPM-2020-047. The authors acknowledge the help of the Centre for Research and Instrumentation Management (CRIM) at UKM for providing the FE-SEM, XRD, and XPS spectroscopy measurements.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

    Naif H. Al-Hardan, Muhammad Azmi Abdul Hamid, Mohd Firdaus-Raih, Ensaf Mohammed AL-Khalqi & Azman Jalar

  2. Pusat Pengajian Citra Universiti, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

    Lim Kar Keng

  3. Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia UKM, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

    Lim Kar Keng & Azman Jalar

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  1. Naif H. Al-Hardan
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  2. Muhammad Azmi Abdul Hamid
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Correspondence to Naif H. Al-Hardan.

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Al-Hardan, N.H., Hamid, M.A.A., Firdaus-Raih, M. et al. Calcium ion-selective electrode based on the facile synthesis of CuO over Cu wires. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 32, 20240–20251 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-021-06527-9

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