Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Efficient SiO2/WO3–TiO2@rGO nanocomposite photocatalyst for visible-light degradation of colored pollutant in water

  • Published:
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The photoactive SiO2/WO3–TiO2@rGO nanocomposite was fabricated through sol–gel, microwave, and hydrothermal approaches for the photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) as an organic-colored pollutant. The nanocomposite photocatalysts were formulated by adjustment of the ingredients content to achieve efficient synergic effects on photocatalyst performance. The results exhibited that optimum amount of SiO2 and rise in WO3/TiO2 ratio as well as incorporation of reduced graphene oxide in structure can be led to further efficiency of degradation under visible light. The effect of sunlight irradiation, pH of MB solution, MB concentration, and lamp distance on photodegradation reaction were also investigated. The best performance about 99.9% MB degradation was obtained based on using 0.3 g/L of optimum photocatalyst to remove the 5 ppm MB solution with pH of 5.41 during 3 h irradiation by visible-light source with 30 cm distance from MB solution. As well, results showed that photocatalyst performance under visible light is better than sunlight irradiation. The most favorable photocatalyst indicated surface area of 60.9 m2/g. Furthermore, the reusability test indicated a proper activity after three cycles under the same conditions. So, the introduced efficient visible photoactive SiO2/WO3–TiO2@rGO nanocomposite can be considered as an appropriate potential to remove organic pollutants in colored effluents.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. D. Jiang, F. Wang, B. Lan, D. Wang, K. Liang, T. Li, D. Zhao, J. Chen, J. Lin, W. Chan, Y. Li, Korean J. Chem. Eng. 37, 434 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. N.M. Mahmoodi, J. Abdi, M. Oveisi, M. Alinia Asli, M. Vossoughi, Mater. Res. Bull. 100, 357 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. V. Selvaraj, T. Swarna Karthika, C. Mansiya, M. Alagar, J. Mol. Struct. 1224, 129195 (2021)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. J. Kanagaraj, T. Senthilvelan, R.C. Panda, Clean Technol. Environ. Policy 17, 1443 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. D.B. Miklos, C. Remy, M. Jekel, K.G. Linden, J.E. Drewes, U. Hübner, Water Res. 139, 118 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. H. Suzuki, S. Araki, H. Yamamoto, J. Water Process Eng. 7, 54 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. C. Fu, X. Liu, Y. Wang, L. Li, Z. Zhang, RSC Adv. 9, 20256 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. M.R.D. Khaki, M.S. Shafeeyan, A.A.A. Raman, W.M.A.W. Daud, J. Environ. Manag. 198, 78 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. M.F. Abdel Messih, A.E. Shalan, M.F. Sanad, M.A. Ahmed, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 30, 14291 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. M.F. Sanad, A.E. Shalan, S.M. Bazid, S.M. Abdelbasir, J. Environ. Chem. Eng. 6, 3981 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. D. Chen, Y. Cheng, N. Zhou, P. Chen, Y. Wang, K. Li, S. Huo, P. Cheng, P. Peng, R. Zhang, L. Wang, H. Liu, Y. Liu, R. Ruan, J. Clean. Prod. 268, 121725 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. S. Nabih, A.E. Shalan, E.S.A. Serea, M.A. Goda, M.F. Sanad, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 30, 9623 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. M.B. Tahir, M. Sagir, K. Shahzad, J. Hazard. Mater. 363, 205 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. L. Yanyan, T.A. Kurniawan, Z. Ying, A.B. Albadarin, G. Walker, J. Mol. Liq. 243, 761 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. L. Rimoldi, E. Pargoletti, D. Meroni, E. Falletta, G. Cerrato, F. Turco, G. Cappelletti, Catal. Today 313, 40 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. L. Baia, E. Orbán, S. Fodor, B. Hampel, E.Z. Kedves, K. Saszet, I. Székely, É. Karácsonyi, B. Réti, P. Berki, A. Vulpoi, K. Magyari, A. Csavdári, C. Bolla, V. Coşoveanu, K. Hernádi, M. Baia, A. Dombi, V. Danciu, G. Kovács, Z. Pap, Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process. 42, 66 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Y. Tae Kwon, K. Yong Song, W. In Lee, G. Jin Choi, Y. Rag Do, J. Catal. 191, 192 (2000)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. F. Riboni, L.G. Bettini, D.W. Bahnemann, E. Selli, Catal. Today 209, 28 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. M.V. Dozzi, S. Marzorati, M. Longhi, M. Coduri, L. Artiglia, E. Selli, Appl. Catal. B 186, 157 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. M. Riazian, J. Nanostruct. 4, 433 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  21. M.A. Baciu, E.R. Baciu, C. Bejinariu, S.L. Toma, A. Danila, C. Baciu, IOP Conf. Ser. Mater. Sci. Eng. 374, 012010 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Y.S. Cho, H.J. Lee, S. Sung, Korean J. Chem. Eng. 37, 1071 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. T.A. Kurniawan, Z. Mengting, D. Fu, S.K. Yeap, M.H.D. Othman, R. Avtar, T. Ouyang, J. Environ. Manag. 270, 110871 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Y. Li, P. Zhang, Z. Ouyang, M. Zhang, Z. Lin, J. Li, Z. Su, G. Wei, Adv. Funct. Mater. 26, 2122 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. L.T. Soo, K.S. Loh, A.B. Mohamad, W.R.W. Daud, W.Y. Wong, J. Power Sources 324, 412 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. M. Yadav, A. Yadav, R. Fernandes, Y. Popat, M. Orlandi, A. Dashora, D.C. Kothari, A. Miotello, B.L. Ahuja, N. Patel, J. Environ. Manag. 203, 364 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. H. Shang, M. Ma, F. Liu, Z. Miao, A. Zhang, J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 19, 3376 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. L.Y. Meng, B. Wang, M.G. Ma, K.L. Lin, Mater. Today Chem. 1–2, 63 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. D. Chen, Q. Chen, L. Ge, L. Yin, B. Fan, H. Wang, H. Lu, H. Xu, R. Zhang, G. Shao, Appl. Surf. Sci. 284, 921 (2013)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. J. Zhu, S. Wang, S. Xie, H. Li, Chem. Commun. 47, 4403 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. H. Bananifard, M. Ashjari, Z. Niazi, M. Etemadi, Polym. Adv. Technol. 31, 3174 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. V.B. Kumar, D. Mohanta, Bull. Mater. Sci. 34, 435 (2011)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. T.F. Emiru, D.W. Ayele, Egypt. J. Basic Appl. Sci. 4, 74 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  34. M.X. Jing, J.Q. Li, C. Han, S.S. Yao, J. Zhang, H.A. Zhai, L.L. Chen, X.Q. Shen, K.S. Xiao, R. Soc, Open Sci. 4, 170323 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  35. Z. Niazi, A. Irankhah, Y. Wang, H. Arandiyan, Int. J. Hydrog. Energy 45, 21512 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. M. Thommes, K.A. Cychosz, Adsorption 20, 233 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  37. C. Sangwichien, G.L. Aranovich, M.D. Donohue, Colloids Surf. A 206, 313 (2002)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. C. Belver, C. Han, J.J. Rodriguez, D.D. Dionysiou, Catal. Today 280, 21 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. T.H. Lim, S.D. Kim, Korean J. Chem. Eng. 19, 1072 (2002)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. M. Ahadi, M. Saber Tehrani, P. Aberoomand Azar, S. Waqif Husain, Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol. 13, 2797 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. X.Z. Li, F.B. Li, C.L. Yang, W.K. Ge, J. Photochem. Photobiol. A 141, 209 (2001)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. N. Rana, S. Chand, A.K. Gathania, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 27, 2504 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. S. Lathasree, A.N. Rao, B. Sivasankar, V. Sadasivam, K. Rengaraj, J. Mol. Catal. A 223, 101 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  44. N. Daneshvar, M.J. Hejazi, B. Rangarangy, A.R. Khataee, J. Environ. Sci. Health B 39, 285 (2004)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. F. Hayati, A.A. Isari, M. Fattahi, B. Anvaripour, S. Jorfi, RSC Adv. 8, 40035 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Zahra Niazi (University of Kashan) for helpful discussion and her assistance.

Funding

This work was financial supported by University of Kashan which is greatly acknowledged.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kashan, Kashan, 87317-53153, Iran

    Iman Keshavarz & Mohsen Ashjari

  2. Nanostructures and Biopolymers Research Lab, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, University of Kashan, Kashan, 87317-53153, Iran

    Iman Keshavarz & Mohsen Ashjari

Authors
  1. Iman Keshavarz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mohsen Ashjari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mohsen Ashjari.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no potential conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Keshavarz, I., Ashjari, M. Efficient SiO2/WO3–TiO2@rGO nanocomposite photocatalyst for visible-light degradation of colored pollutant in water. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 32, 20184–20196 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-021-06523-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-021-06523-z

Search

Navigation