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A roadmap towards stable perovskite solar cells: prospective on substitution of organic (A) & inorganic (B) cations

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Abstract

In recent years, the organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have emerged as promising, fastest growing technology and achieved power conversion efficiency (PCE) as high as 25.5%. These hybrid PSCs exhibit many attractive properties such as long diffusion length, efficient charge transport, low temperature processing, tunable bandgap, and low-cost fabrication. The most conventional hybrid perovskite materials having the structure formula ABX3, where A = MA/FA (organic cation), B = Pb2+ (inorganic cation), X = I/Cl/Br (halide anion) are very hygroscopic due to the presence of organic cation and toxic due to Pb content. For large scale use, the lead (Pb) toxicity could have deteriorating effects on the human race and the environment. Besides this, owing to the hygroscopic nature, the PSCs degrade very rapidly in humid conditions. Efforts have been reported to replace lead and organic cations from the perovskite compounds with suitable alternatives to manage the toxicity and stability. It has been found that the mixture of Pb and Sn could be more effective in terms of efficiency and toxicity. In other case, partial or complete replacement of organic moiety from the perovskite layer by inorganic cations such as cesium (Cs), rubidium (Rb) could lead to better thermal and moisture stability. The other materials such as Spiro OMeTAD, PEDOT: PSS, PTAA, used as hole transport layer (HTL) are quite expensive and degradable in ambient conditions. The suitable choice of inorganic HTLs in this regard would result in better stabilization of PSCs. All-inorganic PSCs is a way to improve the device performance.

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Acknowledgements

MN Acknowledges DST Inspire Fellowship Code IF190229. SKS acknowledge financial assistance from SERB file no ECR/2018/000428. AG acknowledges SERB file no SRG/2019/000318.

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  1. Department of Physics, Diamond Harbour Women’s University, South 24 Parganas, 743368, Sarisha, West Bengal, India

    Monisha Nayak, Abu Jahid Akthar & Sudip K. Saha

  2. Department of Physics, Prabhat Kumar College, Karkuli, Purba Medinipur, 721404, Contai, West Bengal, India

    Asim Guchhait

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Nayak, M., Akthar, A.J., Guchhait, A. et al. A roadmap towards stable perovskite solar cells: prospective on substitution of organic (A) & inorganic (B) cations. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 32, 18466–18511 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-021-06431-2

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