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Iron/epoxy random metamaterials with adjustable epsilon-near-zero and epsilon-negative property

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Abstract

Metamaterials with metal conductive phase always suffer from their high negative permittivity (epsilon-negative), the mechanism of negative permittivity is still need to be explored. Herein, we prepared iron (Fe)/epoxy composites by mechanical mixing and pressure forming. With the increase of Fe content, the conductive behavior changed from hopping conduction to metal-like conduction. The permittivity became negative when the iron content exceeded the percolation threshold (0.425), the negative permittivity was caused by the plasma oscillation of delocalized electrons in the iron conductive network. Besides, when the iron content was 50, 55, 60 or 70 vol%, the permittivity changed from negative to positive at certain frequency points, which is called epsilon-near-zero property. We used the Debye-Drude model to analyze this special dielectric behavior, and the fitting results are in good agreement with the experimental results. A transformation from capacitive to inductive was founded by using equivalent circuit analysis model, this suggests that the occurrence of negative permittivity is accompanied by the appearance of inductance and the negative permittivity behavior is inductance. The epsilon-near-zero and epsilon-negative property could be adjusted effectively by simply changing iron content. Our work provides an understanding guidance on the mechanism of epsilon-negative and epsilon-near-zero property and offers an efficient way to regulate the dielectric property.

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Acknowledgements

We appreciate the financial support from Key Research and Development Project of Shandong Province [Grant No. 2019GSF109079], Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province [ZR2020QE006], Postdoctoral Applied Research Project of Qingdao, the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2020M671992], Postdoctoral Innovation Project of Shandong Province [202003031], the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant No. 52072193], and support by State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles (Qingdao University).

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  1. State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles, Institute of Biochemical Engineering, Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China

    Mingxiang Liu, Xiaopeng Lan, Haoyuan Zhang, Peitao Xie, Hua Yuan, Kunyan Sui & Chunzhao Liu

  2. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 250061, Shandong, China

    Nannan Wu

  3. College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, 201306, China

    Runhua Fan

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  1. Mingxiang Liu
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by ML and PX. ML wrote the manuscript. CL, HY, KS gave the meaningful advice in theoretical analysis and wrote the manuscript. PX, CL, HY and RF gave financial support and measurement support for this work. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Peitao Xie, Hua Yuan or Chunzhao Liu.

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Liu, M., Lan, X., Zhang, H. et al. Iron/epoxy random metamaterials with adjustable epsilon-near-zero and epsilon-negative property. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 32, 15995–16007 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-021-06150-8

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