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Removal of organic pollutants by zirconium containing nanoparticles: a comparative photocatalytic degradation study

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Abstract

The present work deals with the synthesis of a novel quaternary photocatalyst ZrCdPbO4, prepared by co-precipitation method in controlled conditions. The prepared material was characterized using XRD, IR, FESEM, EDX, UV–VIS and XPS analysis to verify the crystalline nature, functional, morphological, chemical composition, band gap energy and oxidation states of elements. Generation of hydroxyl radicals was confirmed by the quenching experiment. These radicals were further used for degradation of some organic pollutants [Toluidine Blue (TB), Brilliant Green (BG) and Crystal Violet (CV)] and maximum degradation conditions like pH, concentration of dye, amount of photocatalyst and intensity of light were extracted by kinetic study. The maximum degradation rate was observed for CV = 10.8 × 10−4 (s−1), for TB = 8.62 × 10−4 (s−1) and for BG = 5.37 × 10−4 (s−1).

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Abbreviations

AOP:

Advanced oxidation process

HPGA:

Hierarchical porous graphene aerogels

BPA:

Bisphenol A

EDX:

Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy

FESEM:

Field-emission scanning electron microscopy

IR:

Infrared spectroscopy

XPS:

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

TB:

Toluidine Blue

BG:

Brilliant Green

CV:

Crystal Violet

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Acknowledgements

Authors are thankful to Professor S.C. Ameta, Director, Department of Applied Sciences, PAHER University, Udaipur, India for his valuable guidance and support. Authors are also thankful to SAIF and CIL laboratory, Punjab University, Chandigarh, India and College of Science, MLSU, Udaipur, India for carrying out the analysis.

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The authors did not receive support from any organization for the submitted work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Government Meera Girls College, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, 313001, India

    Saroj Lohar & Shipra Bhardwaj

  2. Career Point University, Kota, Rajasthan, India

    Ankita Vijay

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  1. Saroj Lohar
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Lohar, S., Vijay, A. & Bhardwaj, S. Removal of organic pollutants by zirconium containing nanoparticles: a comparative photocatalytic degradation study. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 32, 12424–12438 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-021-05874-x

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