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Magneto-dielectric properties of PDMS–magnetite composite as a candidate for compact microstrip antennas in the C-band 5G frequency

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Abstract

As one of the promising materials in antenna miniaturization, magneto-dielectric (MD) composites were synthesized from polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and magnetite (Fe3O4). MD materials attract much attention because of their multiple characteristics, including dielectric permittivity and magnetic permeability, while reducing the antenna wavelength. In this paper, MD composites were synthesized using a standard composition process from a 10:1 elastomer base and curing agent mixed with Fe3O4 nanopowder. To determine the effect on the material and electrical characteristics, Fe3O4 with weight ratios (x) of 10%, 20%, and 40% was added to the mixture. Several analyses were carried out, including XRD, SEM, VSM, and electromagnetic (EM) characterization, to determine the permittivity, permeability, and losses of samples at the microwave frequency. Based on the measurement, a relative permittivity of 2.54 and permeability of 2.67 were achieved from the MD composite with x = 40%, making it great for antenna miniaturization when used as an antenna substrate. Moreover, based on the simulation, the antenna with the proposed MD substrate has an acceptable performance at 3.5 GHz with a fractional bandwidth of 50.76%, directivity of 4.91 dBi, and dimensions 85.94% smaller than those of the antenna with the dielectric-only substrate.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Ministry of Research and Technology/Indonesian Research and Innovation Agency (Kemenristek/BRIN) for research funding through the PMDSU scholarship program under Grant No. NKB-3039/UN2.RST/HKP.05.00/2020; and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Indonesia and Advanced Materials Laboratory, Department of Materials Engineering and Metallurgy, Universitas Indonesia for the research facilities to conduct the experiments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia

    Yohanes Galih Adhiyoga, Siti Fauziyah Rahman, Catur Apriono & Eko Tjipto Rahardjo

  2. Antenna Propagation and Microwave Research Group, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia

    Yohanes Galih Adhiyoga, Catur Apriono & Eko Tjipto Rahardjo

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  1. Yohanes Galih Adhiyoga
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Adhiyoga, Y.G., Rahman, S.F., Apriono, C. et al. Magneto-dielectric properties of PDMS–magnetite composite as a candidate for compact microstrip antennas in the C-band 5G frequency. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 32, 11312–11325 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-021-05802-z

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