Skip to main content
Log in

Inorganic and lead-free CsBi3I10 thin-film solar cell prepared by single-source thermal evaporation

  • Published:
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

All inorganic lead-free halide perovskites have attracted much attention due to their non-toxic and suitable bandgap. In this paper, we first prepared all inorganic lead-free perovskite CsBi3I10 thin-films by single-source thermal evaporation deposition. The results show that CsBi3I10 thin films prepared by single-source thermal evaporation have layered structure, high purity hexagonal phase and high crystallinity, which are consistent with the theoretical calculation results. The surface of the thin film was compact and uniform, and had high homology with the crystal structure of the evaporation source material. After annealing, the crystallinity of the film was further improved. The photovoltaic conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells based on the CsBi3I10 thin film is as high as 0.84%. These results indicate that the proposed single-source thermal evaporation method has the potential to prepare high efficiency inorganic lead-free perovskite solar cells.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. D. Moghe, L. Wang, C.J. Traverse, A. Redoute, M. Sponseller, P.R. Brown, V. Bulovic, R.R. Lunt, All vapor-deposited leadfree doped CsSnBr3 planar solar cells. Nano Energy 28, 469–474 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. K. Chakraborty, M. Gupta Choudhury, S. Paul, Numerical study of Cs2TiX6 (X = Br, I, F and Cl) based perovskitesolar cell using SCAPS-1D device simulation. Sol. Energy 194, 886–892 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. A. Babayigit, A. Ethirajan, M. Muller, B. Conings, Toxicity of organometal halide perovskite solar cells. Nat. Mater. 15, 247–251 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. A.H. Slavney, T. Hu, A.M. Lindenberg, H.I. Karunadasa, A bismuth-halide double perovskite with long carrier recombination lifetime for photovoltaic applications. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 138, 2138–2141 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. R. Nishikubo, H. Kanda, I. García-Benito, A. Molina-Ontoria, G. Pozzi, A.M. Asiri, M.K. Nazeeruddin, A. Saeki, Optoelectronic and energy level exploration of bismuth and antimony-based materials for lead-free solar cells. Chem. Mater. 32, 6416 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. C.C. Vidyasagar, B.M. Muñoz Flores, V.M. Jiménez, Recent advances in synthesis and properties of hybrid halide perovskites for photovoltaics. Nano-Micro Lett. 10, 68 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. T. Ma, S. Wang, Y. Zhang, K. Zhang, L. Yi, The development of all-inorganic CsPbX3 perovskite solar cells. J. Mater. Sci. 55, 464–479 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. T. Singh, A. Kulkarni, M. Ikegami, T. Miyasaka, Effect of electron transporting layer on bismuth-based lead-free perovskite (CH3NH3)3Bi2I9 for photovoltaic applications. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 8, 14542–14547 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. M. Ghasemi, L. Zhang, J.H. Yun, M. Hao, D. He, P. Chen, Y. Bai, T. Lin, M. Xiao, A. Du, M. Lyu, L. Wang, Dua-ion-diffusion induced degradation in lead-free Cs2AgBiBr 6 double perovskite solar cells. Adv. Funct. Mater. 30, 2002342 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. B.W. Park, B. Philippe, X. Zhang, H. Rensmo, G. Boschloo, E.M.J. Johansson, Bismuth based hybrid perovskites A3Bi2I9 (A: methylammonium or cesium) for solar cell application. Adv. Mater. 27, 6806–6813 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. B. Saparov, F. Hong, J. Sun, H. Duan, W. Meng, S. Cameron, I. Hill, Y. Yan, D. Mitzi, Thin-film preparation and characterization of Cs3Sb2I9: a lead-free layered perovskite semiconductor. Chem. Mater. 27, 5622–5632 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. N.K. Noel, S.D. Stranks, A. Abate, C. Wehrenfennig, S. Guarnera, A.A. Haghighirad, A. Sadhanala, G.E. Eperon, S.K. Pathak, M.B. Johnston et al., Lead-free organic-inorganic tin halide perovskites for photovoltaic applications. Energy Environ. Sci. 7, 3061–3068 (2014)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. W.Q. Liao, D.W. Zhao, Y. Yu, C.R. Grice, C.L. Wang, A.J. Cimarili, P. Schulz, W.W. Meng, K. Zhu, R.G. Xiong et al., Lead-free inverted planar formamidinium tin triiodide perovskite solar cells achieving power conversion efficiencies up to 6.22%. Adv. Mater. 28, 9333–9340 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. M. Lyu, J.H. Yun, M.L. Cai, Y.L. Jiao, P.V. Bernhardt, M. Zhang, Q. Wang, A.J. Du, H.X. Wang, G. Liu et al., Organic–inorganic bismuth (III)-based material: a lead-free, air-stable and solution-processable light-absorber beyond organolead perovskites. Nano Res. 9, 692–702 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. B. Ghosh, B. Wu, H.K. Mulmudi, C. Guet, K. Weber, T.C. Sum, S. Mhaisalkar, N. Mathews, Limitations of Cs3Bi2I9 as lead-free photovoltaic absorber materials. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 10, 35000–35007 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. P. Zhu, C. Chen, S. Gu, R. Lin, J. Zhu, CsSnI3 solar cells via an evaporation-assisted solution method. Sol. RRL. 2, 1700224 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. R.L.Z. Hoye, R.E. Brandt, A. Osherov, V. Stevanovic, S.D. Stranks, M.W.B. Wilson, H. Kim, A.J. Akey, J.D. Perkins, R.C. Kurchin, Methylammonium bismuth iodide as a lead-free, stable hybrid organic-inorganic solar absorber. Chem.-Eur. J. 22, 2605 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. G.X. Liang, X.Y. Chen, Z.H. Chen, H.B. Lan, Z.H. Zheng, P. Fan, X.Q. Tian, J.Y. Duan, Y.D. Wei, Z.H. Su, Inorganic and Pb-free CsBi3I10 thin film for photovoltaic applications. J. Phys. Chem. C 123, 27423–27428 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. F. Bai, Y. Hu, Y. Hu, T. Qiu, X. Miao, S. Zhang, Lead-free, air-stable ultrathin Cs3Bi2I9 perovskite nanosheets for solar cells. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 184, 15 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. R.E. Brandt, R.C. Kurchin, R.L.Z. Hoye, J.R. Poindexter, M.W.B. Wilson, S. Sulekar, F. Lenahan, P.X.T. Yen, V. Stevanovic, J.C. Nino et al., Investigating of bismuth triiodide (BiI3) for photovoltaic applications. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 6, 4297–4302 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. P. Fan, H. Peng, Z. Zheng, Z. Chen, S. Tan, X. Chen, Y. Luo, Z. Su, J. Luo, G. Liang, Single-source vapor-deposited Cs2AgBiBr6 thin films for lead-free perovskite solar cells. Nanomaterials 9, 1760 (2019)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. G.X. Liang, P. Fan, J.T. Luo et al., A promising unisource thermal evaporation for in situ fabrication of organolead halide perovskite CH3NH3PbI3 thin film. Prog. Photovolt. Res. Appl. 23, 1901–1907 (2015)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. C. Lan, J. Luo, S. Zhao, C. Zhang, W. Liu, S. Hayase, T. Ma, Effect of lead-free (CH3NH3)3Bi2I9 perovskite addition on spectrum absorption and enhanced photo-voltaic performance of bismuth triiodide solar cells. J. Alloys Compd. 701, 834–840 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. M.B. Johansson, H.M. Zhu, E.M.J. Johansson, Extended photo-conversion spectrum in low-toxic bismuth halide perovskite solar cells. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 7, 3467–3471 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Y. Kim, Z. Yang, A. Jain, O. Voznyy, G.H. Kim, M. Liu, L.N. Quan, F.P. Arquer, J.Z. Fan, E.H. Sargent, Pure cubic-phase hybrid Iodobismuthates AgBi2I7 for thin-film photovoltaics. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 55, 9586–9590 (2016)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. P. Mariyappan, T. Chowdhury, S. Subashchandranb, I. Bedja, H. Ghaithan, A. Islam, Fabrication of lead-free CsBi3I10 based compact perovskite thin films by employing solvent engineering and anti-solvent treatment techniques: AN efficient photo-conversion efficiency up to 740nm. Sustain. Energy Fuels 4, 5042–5049 (2020)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. J. Shin, M. Kim, S. Jung, C. Su, J. Park, A. Song, K.B. Chung, S.H. Jin, J.H. Lee, M. Song, Enhanced efficiency in lead-free bismuth iodide with post treatment based on a hole-conductor-free perovskite solar cell. Nano Res. 11, 6283–6293 (2018)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. P. Luna, M. Gelvez-Rueda, C. Dreessen, M. Sessolo, F. Grozema, F. Palazon, H. Bolink, Potential and limitations of CsBi3I10 as a photovoltaic material. J. Mater. Chem. A 8, 15670–15674 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. K. Bidai, M. Ameri, S. Amel, I. Ameri, Y. Al-Douri, D. Varshney, C.H. Voon, First-principles calculations of pressure and temperature dependence of thermodynamic properties of anti-perovskite BiNBa3 compound. Chin. J. Phys. 55, 2144–2155 (2017)

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 62074102) China, Key Project of Department of Education of Guangdong Province (No. 2018KZDXM059) China, Science and Technology plan project of Shenzhen (No. JCYJ20190808153409238 and No. JCY2018030512430951) China, Shenzhen Key Lab Fund (No. ZDSYS 20170228105421966) China, Self-made experimental equipment project fund of Shenzhen Technology University.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Huabin Lan or Guangxing Liang.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Lan, H., Chen, X., Fan, P. et al. Inorganic and lead-free CsBi3I10 thin-film solar cell prepared by single-source thermal evaporation. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 32, 11183–11192 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-021-05783-z

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-021-05783-z

Navigation