Abstract
The polycrystalline M-type barium hexaferrite (BaFe12−xAlxO19) with x = 0.0, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 have been prepared by the sol–gel Method. The crystal structure of all the samples is found to be in hexagonal symmetry with P63/mmc space group. The impedance was studied over a range of frequencies (1 Hz–1 MHz) for all the compositions. Direct current (DC) electrical resistivity measurements of all the samples were carried out in the temperature range of 303–775 K. All the samples exhibit the semiconducting behavior. The resistivity increases with the increase in Al3+ substitution. The impedance along with DC resistivity results established the electron hopping conduction mechanism in the Al3+ substituted barium hexaferrites. The electrical conductivity has been well explained by the Mott variable-range hopping mechanism of localized polarons. The dielectric dipoles are frozen at low temperature and activated at high temperature as observed two transition temperatures in temperature versus impedance plot. A correlation between ac impedance and DC resistivity has been established in the M-type hexaferrite magnetic semiconductor.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
S.D. Johnson, C.M. Gonzalez, V. Anderson, Z. Robinson, H.S. Newman, S. Shin, S.B. Qadri, J. Appl. Phys. 122, 024901 (2017)
R. Joshi, C. Singh, J. Singh, D. Kaur, S.B. Narang, R.B. Jotania, J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 28, 11969 (2017)
A.V. Trukhanova, S.V. Trukhanova, V.G. Kostishina, L.V. Paninaa, M.M. Salema, I.S. Kazakevichb, V.A. Turchenkoc, V.V. Kochervinskiie, D.A. Krivchenyab, Phys. Solid State 59, 737 (2017)
A. Saini, A. Thakur, P. Thakur, J. Electron. Mater. 46, 1902 (2017)
S.E. Rowley, Y. Chai, S.P. Shen, Y. Sun, A.T. Jones, J.F. Scott, B.E. Watts, Sci. Rep. 6, 25724 (2016)
M.A. Rafiq, A. Farooq, M. Waqar, A. Zulfiqar, T.A. Mirza, J. Electron. Mater. 46, 1 (2017)
H. Jia, W. Liu, Z. Zhang, F. Chen, Y. Li, J. Liu, Y. Nie, Ceram. Int. 43, 5974 (2017)
V.G. Harris, A. Geiler, Y. Chen, S.D. Yoon, M. Wu, Z. Chen, P. He, P.V. Parimi, X. Zuo, C.E. Patton, O. Acher, C. Vittoria, A. Yang, M. Abe, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 321, 2035 (2009)
P. Gelin, P. Quéffélec, IEEE Trans. Magn. 44, 1 (2008)
S.K. Mahadevan, C. Pahwa, S.B. Narang, P. Sharma, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 441, 465 (2017)
J.L. Snoek, Physica 14, 4 (1948)
K. Praveena, K. Sadhana, S. Matteppanavar, H.L. Liu, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 423, 343 (2017)
L. Peng, L. Li, J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-017-7722-8
R.C. Pullar, Prog. Mater. Sci. 57, 1191 (2012)
A. Shima, S. Sanghi, A. Reetu, J. Alloys Compd. 513, 436 (2012)
V.V. Soman, V.M. Nanoti, D.K. Kulkarni, Ceram. Int. 39, 5713 (2013)
M.T. Aljarrah, M.H. Saleh, M.A. Harahsheh, Phys. B (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physb.2017.08.023
I.A. Auwal Unal, A. Baykal, U. Kurtan, M.D. Amir, M. Sertkol, A. Yildiz, J. Supercond. Nov. Magn. 30, 1813 (2017)
A.I. Ghoneim, M.A. Amer, T.M. Meaz, S.S. Attala, Phys. B 507, 1 (2017)
S. Kumar, S. Supriya, M. Kar, Mater. Today: Proc. 4, 5517 (2017)
M.N. Ashiq, R.B. Qureshi, M.A. Malana, M.F. Ehsan, J. Alloys Compd. 617, 437 (2014)
A. Zafar, A. Rehman, S. Shahzada, S. Anwar, M. Khan, A. Nisar, M. Ahmad, S. Karim, J. Alloys Compd. (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.08.180
P. Behera, S. Ravi, J. Supercond. Nov. Magn. 30, 1453–1461 (2017)
Y. Bakis, I.A. Auwal, B. Ünal, A. Baykal, Composites B 99, 248 (2016)
W.S. Castro, R.R. Corrêa, P.I.P. Filho, J.M.R. Mercury, A.A. Cabral, Ceram. Int. 41, 241 (2015)
S.M. Sayed, T.M. Meaz, M.A. Amer, H.A. Shersaby, Phys. B 426, 137 (2013)
I.A. Auwal, H. Erdemi, H. Sözeri, H. Güngünes, A. Baykal, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 412, 69 (2016)
K. Pubby, S.B. Narang, S.K. Chawla, R.K. Mudsainiyan, J. Mater. Sci: Mater. Electron. 27, 11220 (2016)
A. Arora, S.B. Narang, J. Mater. Sci: Mater. Electron. 27, 10157 (2016)
P. Brahma, S. Banerjee, S. Chakraborty, D. Chakravorty, J. Appl. Phys. 88, 6526 (2000)
G. Kumar, S. Sharma, R.K. Kotnala, J. Shah, S.E. Shirsath, K.M. Batoo, M. Singh, J. Mol. Struct. 1051, 336 (2013)
V.P. Singh, G. Kumar, P. Dhiman, R.K. Kotnala, J. Shah, K.M. Batoo, M. Singh, Adv. Mat. Lett. 5, 447 (2014)
G. Kumar, R. Rani, V. Singh, S. Sharma, K.M. Batoo, M. Singh, Adv. Mater. Lett. 4, 682 (2013)
A. Brataas, A.D. Kent, H. Ohno, Nat. Mater. 11, 372 (2012)
S. Kumar, S. Supriya, L.K. Pradhan, M. Kar, J Mater Sci: Mater Electron. (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-017-7580-4
P. Kumar, N. Shankhwar, A. Srinivasan, M. Kar, J. Appl. Phys. 117, 194103 (2015)
J. Krishna murthy, C. Mitra, S. Ram, A. Venimadhav, J. Alloys Compd. 545, 225 (2012)
K. Kumar, D. Pandey, Phys. Rev. B 96, 024102 (2017)
S. Kumar, S. Supriya, M. Kar, J. Appl. Phys. 122, 224106 (2017)
L. Kumar, P. Kumar, A. Narayan, M. Kar, Int. Nano Lett. 3, 1 (2013)
P. Kumar, A. Gaur, R.K. Kotnala, Ceram. Int. 43, 1180 (2017)
R.M. Almeida, W. Paraguassu, D.S. Pires, R.R. Corrêa, C.W. Paschoal, Ceram. Int. 35, 2443 (2009)
S. Supriya, S. Kumar, M. Kar, J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 28, 10652 (2017)
S. Supriya, S. Kumar, M. Kar, J. Appl. Phys. 120, 215106 (2016)
V.M. Ishchuk, L.G. Gusakova, N.G. Kisel, N.A. Spiridonov, V.L. Sobolev, J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 99, 1786 (2016)
X. Liu, H. Fan, J. Shi, Q. Li, Sci. Rep. 5, 12699 (2015)
M. Pal, P. Brahma, B.R. Chakraborty, D. Chakravorty, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 36, 2163 (1997)
H. Sözeri, H. Deligöz, H. Kavas, A. Baykal, Ceram. Int. 40, 8645 (2014)
I.G. Austin, N.F. Mott, Adv. Phys. 50, 757 (2001)
S. Ravi, M. Kar, Phys. B 348, 169 (2004)
G. Datt, A.C. Abhyankar, J. Appl. Phys. 122, 034102 (2017)
C. Wei, R. Zhang, X. Zheng, Q. Ru, Q. Chen, C. Cui, G. Li, D. Zhanga, Inorg. Chem. Front. 5, 3126 (2018)
C. Wei, N. Zhan, J. Tao, S. Pang, L. Zhang, C. Cheng, D. Zhang, Appl. Surf. Sci. 453, 288 (2018)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Singh, A., Ranjan, K.M. & Kumar, S. Electrical transport mechanism of aluminum substituted barium hexaferrite magnetic semiconductor. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 32, 4110–4124 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-05152-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-05152-2