Abstract
As the problem of electromagnetic wave pollution is becoming more and more serious in our daily life, it is urgent to develop a kind of electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials with high-strength and high absorptivity to meet the demand of industrial application. In this study, a facile method is developed to prepare EMI shielding composites with both powerful absorbing and robust mechanical properties by impregnating the suspensions of graphite nanoplatelets (GNP) and polyacrylate expandable foam particles (PEFP) into the porous glass fiber mat reinforced thermoplastics (GMT), and then hot forming and pressing, the thickness of GMT/PEFP/GNP composites is 2 mm. GNP not only acted as an efficient conductive pathway in the GMT/PEFP/GNP composites matrix, but also formed a conductive cell structure with the foamed PEFP, which increased the electromagnetic waves absorption. The total shielding efficiency (SET) of the GMT/PEFP/GNP-4.0 wt% composite is up to 33.8 dB at 11 GHz, and the power coefficient of reflectivity is 0.71, which is lower 17% than that of GMT/GNP composites without the cell structure constructed by PEFP in the matrix. Furthermore, the melting of polypropylene (PP) in the mats act as the interface adhesive for glass fiber (GF) and GNP, so the tensile strength is enhanced up to 22.8 MPa for the GMT/PEFP/GNP-4.0 wt% composites with lightweight, due to the formation of cell structure constructed by the PEFP. Therefore, this paper provides a simple method to prepare lightweight and high-strength GMT/PEFP/GNP composites for EMI shielding, which is of great significance for industrial application.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
J.J. Liang, Y. Wang, Y. Huang, Y.F. Ma, Z.F. Liu, J.M. Cai, C.D. Zhang, H.J. Gao, Y.S. Chen, Electromagnetic interference shielding of graphene/epoxy composites. Carbon 47(3), 922–925 (2009)
B. Fugetsu, E. Sano, M. Sunada, Y. Sambongi, T. Shibuya, X. Wang, T. Hiraki, Electrical conductivity and electromagnetic interference shielding efficiency of carbon nanotube/cellulose composite paper. Carbon 46(9), 1256–1258 (2008)
M.H. Al-Saleh, U. Sundararaj, Electromagnetic interference shielding mechanisms of CNT/polymer composites. Carbon 47(7), 1738–1746 (2009)
J.M. Thomassin, C. Pagnoulle, L. Bednarz, I. Huynen, R. Jerome, C. Detrembleur, Foams of polycaprolactone/MWNT nanocomposites for efficient EMI reduction. J. Mater. Chem. 18(7), 792–796 (2008)
J.J. Liang, Y. Huang, L. Zhang, Y. Wang, Y.F. Ma, T.Y. Guo, Y.S. Chen, Molecular-level dispersion of graphene into poly(vinyl alcohol) and effective reinforcement of their nanocomposites. Adv. Funct. Mater. 19(14), 2297–2302 (2009)
M.S. Cao, Y.Z. Cai, P. He, J.C. Shu, W.Q. Cao, J. Yuan, 2D MXenes: electromagnetic property for microwave absorption and electromagnetic interference shielding. Chem. Eng. J. 359, 1265–1302 (2019)
Y. Chen, H.B. Zhang, Y.B. Yang, M. Wang, A.Y. Cao, Z.Z. Yu, High-performance epoxy nanocomposites reinforced with three-dimensional carbon nanotube sponge for electromagnetic interference shielding. Adv. Funct. Mater. 26(3), 447–455 (2016)
Y. Li, H.J. Yang, X.H. Hao, N.N. Sun, J.H. Du, M.S. Cao, Enhanced electromagnetic interference shielding with low reflection induced by heterogeneous double-layer structure in BiFeO3/BaFe7(MnTi)2.5O19 composite. J Alloys Compd. 772, 99–104 (2019)
S. Geetha, K.K.S. Kumar, C.R.K. Rao, M. Vijayan, D.C. Trivedi, EMI shielding: methods and materials—a review. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 112(4), 2073–2086 (2009)
J.Z. He, X.X. Wang, Y.L. Zhang, M.S. Cao, Small magnetic nanoparticles decorating reduced graphene oxides to tune the electromagnetic attenuation capacity. J. Mater. Chem. C 4(29), 7130–7140 (2016)
J.M. Thomassin, C. Jérôme, T. Pardoen, C. Bailly, I. Huynen, C. Detrembleur, Polymer/carbon based composites as electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials. Mater. Sci. Eng. R 74(7), 211–232 (2013)
S. Biswas, S.S. Panja, S. Bose, A novel fluorophore-spacer-receptor to conjugate MWNTs and ferrite nanoparticles to design an ultra-thin shield to screen electromagnetic radiation. Mater. Chem. Front. 1(1), 132–145 (2017)
G. Kulkarni, P. Kandesar, N. Velhal, V. Phadtare, A. Jatratkar, S.K. Shinde, D.Y. Kim, V. Puri, Exceptional electromagnetic interference shielding and microwave absorption properties of room temperature synthesized polythiophene thin films with double negative characteristics (DNG) in the Ku-band region. Chem. Eng. J. 355, 196–207 (2019)
A.V. Menon, G. Madras, S. Bose, Light weight, ultrathin, and “thermally-clickable” self-healing MWNT patch as electromagnetic interference suppressor. Chem. Eng. J. 366, 72–82 (2019)
H.M. Zhang, G.C. Zhang, Q. Gao, M. Tang, Z.L. Ma, J.B. Qin, M.Y. Wang, J.K. Kim, Multifunctional microcellular PVDF/Ni-chains composite foams with enhanced electromagnetic interference shielding and superior thermal insulation performance. Chem. Eng. J. 379, 122304 (2020)
R.C. Che, L.M. Peng, X.F. Duan, Q. Chen, X.L. Liang, Microwave absorption enhancement and complex permittivity and permeability of Fe encapsulated within carbon nanotubes. Adv. Mater. 16(5), 401–405 (2004)
B. Zhao, Y. Li, Q.G. Zeng, L. Wang, J.J. Ding, R. Zhang, R.C. Che, Galvanic replacement reaction involving core-shell magnetic chains and orientation-tunable microwave absorption properties. Small 16, 2003502 (2020)
A.K. Singh, A. Shishkin, T. Koppel, N. Gupta, A review of porous lightweight composite materials for electromagnetic interference shielding. Compos. Part B Eng. 149, 188–197 (2018)
H.D. Huang, C.Y. Liu, D. Zhou, X. Jiang, G.J. Zhong, D.X. Yan, Z.M. Li, Cellulose composite aerogel for highly efficient electromagnetic interference shielding. J. Mater. Chem. A 3(9), 4983–4991 (2015)
G.P. Kar, S. Biswas, R. Rohini, S. Bose, Tailoring the dispersion of multiwall carbon nanotubes in co-continuous PVDF/ABS blends to design materials with enhanced electromagnetic interference shielding. J. Mater. Chem. A3(15), 7974–7985 (2015)
Y.J. Liu, D. Song, C.X. Wu, J. Leng, EMI shielding performance of nanocomposites with MWCNTs, nanosized Fe3O4 and Fe. Compos. Part B: Eng. 63, 34–40 (2014)
T.R. Kuang, L.Q. Chang, F. Chen, Y. Sheng, D.J. Fu, X.F. Peng, Peng Facile preparation of lightweight high-strength biodegradable polymer/multi-walled carbon nanotubes nanocomposite foams for electromagnetic interference shielding. Carbon 105, 305–313 (2016)
L. Huang, J.J. Li, Z.J. Wang, Y.B. Li, X.D. He, Y. Yuan, Microwave absorption enhancement of porous C@CoFe2O4 nanocomposites derived from eggshell membrane. Carbon 143, 507–516 (2019)
X. Fan, G.C. Zhang, J.T. Li, Z.Y. Shang, H.M. Zhang, Q. Gao, J.B. Qin, X.T. Shi, Study on foamability and electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of supercritical CO2 foaming epoxy/rubber/MWCNTs composite. Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf. 121, 64–73 (2019)
H. Pang, D.X. Yan, Y. Bao, J.B. Chen, C. Chen, Z.M. Li, Super-tough conducting carbon nanotube/ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene composites with segregated and double-percolated structure. J. Mater. Chem. 22(44), 23568–23575 (2012)
S. Gupta, N.H. Tai, Carbon materials and their composites for electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness in X-band. Carbon 152, 159–187 (2019)
H. Pang, L. Xu, D.X. Yan, Z.M. Li, Conductive polymer composites with segregated structures. Prog. Polym. Sci. 39(11), 1908–1933 (2014)
L.C. Jia, Y.K. Li, D.X. Yan, Flexible and efficient electromagnetic interference shielding materials from ground tire rubber. Carbon 121, 267–273 (2017)
S. Li, J. Li, N. Ma, D. Liu, G. Sui, Super-compression-resistant multiwalled carbon nanotube/nickel-coated carbonized loofah fiber/polyether ether ketone composite with excellent electromagnetic shielding performance. ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng. 7(16), 13970–13980 (2019)
S. Biswas, I. Arief, S.S. Panja, S. Bose, Absorption-dominated electromagnetic wave suppressor derived from ferrite-doped cross-linked graphene framework and conducting carbon. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 9(3), 3030–3039 (2017)
X.F. Zhou, B.B. Wang, Z.R. Jia, X.D. Zhang, X.H. Liu, K.K. Wang, B.H. Xu, G.L. Wu, Dielectric behavior of Fe3N@C composites with green synthesis and their remarkable electromagnetic wave absorption performance. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 582, 515–525 (2021)
T.Q. Hou, Z.R. Jia, S.Q. He, Y. Su, X.D. Zhang, B.H. Xu, X.H. Liu, G.L. Wu, Design and synthesis of NiCo/Co4S3@C hybrid material with tunable and efficient electromagnetic absorption. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 583, 321–330 (2021)
T.Q. Houa, Z.R. Jia, A.L. Feng, Z.H. Zhou, X.H. Liu, H.L. Lv, G.L. Wu, Hierarchical composite of biomass derived magnetic carbon framework and phytic acid doped polyanilne with prominent electromagne. J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 68, 61–69 (2021)
J. Lyu, X. Zhao, X.L. Hou, Y.C. Zhang, T.H. Li, Y. Yan, Electromagnetic interference shielding based on a high strength polyaniline-aramid nanocomposite. Compos. Sci. Technol. 149, 159–165 (2017)
H.B. Zhang, Q. Yan, W.G. Zheng, Z. He, Z.Z. Yu, Tough graphene-polymer microcellular foams for electromagnetic interference shielding. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 3(3), 918–924 (2011)
Q.H. Liu, Q. Cao, H. Bi, C.Y. Liang, K.P. Yuan, W. She, Y.J. Yang, R.C. Che, CoNi@SiO2@TiO2 and CoNi@Air@TiO2 microspheres with strong wideband microwave absorption. Adv. Mater. 28, 486–490 (2016)
Z.Y. Min, H. Yang, F. Chen, T.R. Kuang, Scale-up production of lightweight high-strength polystyrene/carbonaceous filler composite foams with high-performance electromagnetic interference shielding. Mater. Lett. 230, 157–160 (2018)
D. Micheli, C. Apollo, R. Pastore, R. Bueno Morles, S. Laurenzi, M. Marchetti, Nanostructured composite materials for electromagnetic interference shielding applications. Acta Astronaut. 69(9–10), 747–757 (2011)
H.B. Zhang, W.G. Zheng, Q. Yan, Y. Yang, J.W. Wang, Z.H. Lu, G.Y. Ji, Z.Z. Yu, Electrically conductive polyethylene terephthalate/graphene nanocomposites prepared by melt compounding. Polymer 51(5), 1191–1196 (2010)
D.X. Yan, P.G. Ren, H. Pang, Q. Fu, M.B. Yang, Z.M. Li, Efficient electromagnetic interference shielding of lightweight graphene/polystyrene composite. J. Mater. Chem. 22(36), 18772–18774 (2012)
C.H. Cui, D.X. Yan, H. Pang, L.C. Jia, X. Xu, S. Yang, J.Z. Xu, Z.M. Li, A high heat-resistance bioplastic foam with efficient electromagnetic interference shielding. Chem. Eng. J. 323, 29–36 (2017)
B. Zhao, S.P. Zeng, X.P. Li, X.Q. Guo, Z.Y. Bai, B.B. Fan, R. Zhang, Flexible PVDF/carbon materials/Ni composite films maintaining strong electromagnetic wave shielding under cyclic microwave irradiation. J. Mater. Chem. C 8, 400–409 (2020)
D.X. Yan, H. Pang, B. Li, R. Vajtai, L. Xu, P.G. Ren, J.H. Wang, Z.M. Li, Structured reduced graphene oxide/polymer composites for ultra-efficient electromagnetic interference shielding. Adv. Funct. Mater. 25(4), 559–566 (2015)
B. Zhao, R.M. Wang, Y. Li, Y.M. Ren, X. Li, X.Q. Guo, R. Zhang, C.B. Park, Dependence of electromagnetic interference shielding ability of conductive polymer composite foams with hydrophobic properties on cellular structure. J. Mater. Chem. C 8, 7401–7410 (2020)
B.Y. Hao, Z.C. Tao, Z.J. Liu, D.Q. Zhang, Z. He, Q.G. Guo, L. Liu, D. Jiang, Lightweight graphite membranes with excellent electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness and thermal conductivity. J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Electron. 30(7), 6734–6744 (2019)
B. Shen, Y. Li, W.T. Zhai, W.G. Zheng, Compressible graphene-coated polymer foams with ultralow density for adjustable electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 8(12), 8050–8057 (2016)
J. Li, W.J. Peng, Z.J. Fu, X.H. Tang, H. Wu, S. Guo, M. Wang, Achieving high electrical conductivity and excellent electromagnetic interference shielding in poly(lactic acid)/silver nanocomposites by constructing large-area silver nanoplatelets in polymer matrix. Compos. Part B Eng. 171, 204–213 (2019)
F. Zhang, W. Cui, B.B. Wang, B.H. Xu, X.H. Liu, X.H. Liu, Z.R. Jia, G.L. Wu, Morphology-control synthesis of polyaniline decorative porous carbon with remarkable electromagnetic wave absorption capabilities. Compos. Part B Eng. 204, 108491 (2021)
X.F. Zhou, Z.R. Jia, A.L. Feng, K.K. Wang, X.H. Liu, L. Chen, H.J. Cao, G.L. Wu, Dependency of tunable electromagnetic wave absorption performance on morphology-controlled 3D porous carbon fabricated by biomass. Compos. Commun. 21, 2452–2139 (2020)
H.Y. Wu, L.C. Jia, D.X. Yan, J.F. Gao, X.P. Zhang, P.G. Ren, Z.M. Li, Simultaneously improved electromagnetic interference shielding and mechanical performance of segregated carbon nanotube/polypropylene composite via solid phase molding. Compos. Sci. Technol. 156, 87–94 (2018)
G.L. Wang, G.Q. Zhao, S. Wang, L. Zhang, C.B. Park, Injection-molded microcellular PLA/graphite nanocomposites with dramatically enhanced mechanical and electrical properties for ultra-efficient EMI shielding applications. J. Mater. Chem. C 6(25), 6847–6859 (2018)
J. Li, H. Liu, J. Guo, Z. Hu, Z.J. Wang, B. Wang, L. Liu, Y.D. Huang, Z.H. Guo, Flexible, conductive, porous, fibrillar polymer–gold nanocomposites with enhanced electromagnetic interference shielding and mechanical properties. J. Mater. Chem. C 5(5), 1095–1105 (2017)
F. Fang, Y.Q. Li, H.M. Xiao, N. Hu, S.Y. Fu, Layer-structured silver nanowire/polyaniline composite film as a high performance X-band EMI shielding material. J. Mater. Chem. C 4(19), 4193–4203 (2016)
Y. Xu, Y. Li, W. Hua, A. Zhang, J.J. Bao, Light-weight silver plating foam and carbon nanotube hybridized epoxy composite foams with exceptional conductivity and electromagnetic shielding property. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 8(36), 24131–24142 (2016)
Z.H. Zeng, M.J. Chen, H. Jin, W.W. Li, X. Xue, L.C. Zhou, Y.M. Pei, H. Zhang, Z. Zhang, Thin and flexible multi-walled carbon nanotube/waterborne polyurethane composites with high-performance electromagnetic interference shielding. Carbon 96, 768–777 (2016)
P. Kumar, F. Shahzad, S.M. Hong, C.M. Koo, A flexible sandwich graphene/silver nanowires/graphene thin film for high-performance electromagnetic interference shielding. RSC Adv. 6(103), 101283–101287 (2016)
Z.H. Zeng, H. Jin, M.J. Chen, W.W. Li, L.C. Zhou, Z. Zhang, Lightweight and anisotropic porous MWCNT/WPU composites for ultrahigh performance electromagnetic interference shielding. Adv. Funct. Mater. 26(2), 303–310 (2016)
Y. Zhang, M. Qiu, Y. Yu, B.Y. Wen, L.L. Cheng, A novel polyaniline-coated bagasse fiber composite with core-shell heterostructure provides effective electromagnetic shielding performance. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 9(1), 809–818 (2017)
H.X. Zhang, Z.R. Jia, A.L. Feng, Z.H. Zhou, L. Chen, C.H. Zhang, X.H. Liu, G.L. Wu, In situ deposition of pitaya-like Fe3O4@C magnetic microspheres on reduced graphene oxide nanosheets for electromagnetic wave absorber. Compos. Part B Eng. 199, 108261 (2020)
Z.G. Gao, Z.R. Jia, K.K. Wang, X.H. Liu, L. Bi, G.G. Wu, Simultaneous enhancement of recoverable energy density and efficiency of lead-free relaxor-ferroelectric BNT-based ceramics. Chem. Eng. J. 402, 125951 (2020)
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (Grant No. LY20E030008), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 21504078), the key R&D projects of Zhejiang Province (Grant nos. 2020C01010, 2018C01038), and the China Scholarship Council.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ma, M., Qiao, L., Yu, H. et al. Lightweight and high-strength GMT/PEFP/GNP composites with absorb-dominated electromagnetic interference shielding property. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 32, 25863–25875 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-04970-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-04970-8