Abstract
Non-stoichiometric cadmium sulfide, CdS0.9, nanomaterials doped with Mn, Co, Cu, and Zn (CdS0.9M0.1, M = Mn, Co, Cu, Zn) were prepared using a thermolysis procedure. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that all doped samples have the same CdS structure (hexagonal and cubic) except the Co-doped sample, where some slight cobalt oxides were detected. The influence of different transition metals doping on the structural parameters of the phases developed has been examined by performing Rietveld analysis, also the residing of doped metals at the possible crystallographic sites and the possibility to oxygen ion diffusion into the matrix were also studied. Images from high-resolution transmission electron microscope confirmed the quantum dots nature of the formed samples. The optical bandgap could be tailored and photoluminescence properties of the samples were affected by the different types of doped metals. The doped samples emitted violet, blue, and green colors depending on the type of doped metals. DFT calculation was performed to discuss the possibility of the presence of oxygen ions in doped non-stoichiometric CdS samples. DFT calculations demonstrated that the Cu-doped non-stoichiometric CdS sample has the highest photoconductivity in the infrared range. The modified properties of CdS0.9M0.1 nanomaterials by changing the doped metals make them good candidates for photocatalytic activity and optoelectronics applications.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
A.A. Ibiyemi, A.O. Awodugba, O. Akinrinola, A.A. Faremi, J. Semiconduct. 38, 093002 (2017)
B. Barman, K.V. Bangera, G.K. Shivakumar, Mater. Res. Express 6, 126441 (2020)
Z.K. Heiba, M.B. Mohamed, N.G. Imam, J. Alloys Compd. 618, 280 (2015)
A.H. Mueller, M.A. Petruska, M. Achermann, D. Werder, E. Akhadov, D. Koleske, M. Hoffbauer, V.I. Klimov, Nano Lett. 5(6), 1039 (2005)
R.L. Morales, O.Z. Angel, G.T. Delgado, Appl. Surf. Sci. 175e176, 562 (2001)
R. Banerjee, R. Jayakrishnan, P. Ayyub, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 12(50), 10647 (2000)
P. Chand, R. Ghosh, Sukriti, Optik 161, 44 (2018)
C. Rosiles-Perez, J. Lambert, A. Alatorre-Ordaz, A. Gutierrez-Fuentes, T. López-Luke, R. Ramirez-, T. Fuentes, Kobayashi, J. Lumin. 184, 123 (2017)
Z.K. Heiba, N.G. Imam, M.B. Mohamed, Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process. 34, 39 (2015)
D. Petre, D. Pintilie, I.Pentia and E. Botila, Mater. Sci. Eng B58, 238 (1999)
Fatma, Göde, Optik 197, 163217 (2019)
Y. Kashiwaba, Y. Isojima, K. Ohta, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. C 75, 253 (2003)
F. Aftab, J. Iqbal, J. Korean Phys. Soc. 69(4), 593 (2016)
V. Kumar, K. Kumar, H.C. Jeon, T.W. Kang, D. Lee, S.Kumar, J. Phys. Chem. Solids 124, 1 (2019)
J.C. Lee, N.G. Subramanium, J.W. Lee, T.W. Kang, Appl. Phys.A 85, 2909 (2007)
J.S. Kulkarni, O. Kazakova, J.D. Holmes, Appl. Phys. A 85, 277 (2006)
N.V. Hullavarad, S.S. Hullavarad, P.C. Karulkar, J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 8, 2272 (2008)
N.H. Patel, M.P. Deshpande, S.H. Chaki, J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 29, 11394 (2018)
M.J.I. Khan, M.N. Usmani, Z. Kanwal, P. Akhtar, Optik 156, 817 (2018)
X. Chen, P. Li, M. Ren, P. Wang 256(11), 1900182 (2019)
Z.K. Heiba, A.A. Albassam, M.B. Mohamed, Appl. Phys. A 126, 479 (2020)
Z.K. Heiba, M.B. Mohamed, S.I. Ahmed, A.A. Albassam, J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 31, 13447 (2020)
Z.K. Heiba, M.B. Mohamed, N.M. Farag, A.M. El-naggar, A.A. Albassam, J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 31, 12696 (2020)
M. Mohamed, A.M. Abdelraheem, M.I. Abd-Elrahman, N.M.A. Hadia, E.R. Shaaban, Appl. Phys. A 125, 483 (2019)
L. Lutterotti, Nucl. Inst. Methods, Phys. Res. B. 268, 334 (2010)
J. Rodríguez-Carvajal, Phys. B (Amsterdam, Neth.) 192, 55 (1993)
J.P. Perdew, K. Burke, M. Ernzerhof, Phys.Rev. Lett 77, 3865 (1996)
J.P. Perdew, Y. Wang, Phys. Rev. B 45, 13244 (1992)
Z.K. Heiba, Powder Diffr. 17(3), 191 (2002)
Z.K. Heiba, Cryst. Res. Technol. 38(6), 488 (2003)
J. Tauc, R. Grigorovici, A. Vancu, Phys. Status Solidi 15, 627 (1966)
Y.C. Zhang, W.W. Chen, X.Y. Hu, Cryst. Growth Des. 7, 3 (2007)
M. Anbarasi, V.S. Nagarethinam, A.R. Balu, Mater. Sci. Poland 32(4), 652 (2014)
G. Giribabu, G. Murali, DAmaranatha Reddy, C. Liu, R.P. Vijayalakshmi, J. Alloy Compd. 581, 363 (2013)
E. Bacaksiz, M. Tomakin, M. Altunbas, M. Parlak, T. Colakoglu, Phys. B 403, 3740 (2008)
P. Koidl, Phys. Rev. B 15, 2493 (1977)
A. Rafiq, M. Imran, M. Aqeel, M. Naz, M. Ikram, S. Ali, J. Inorganic Organomet. Polym. Mater. 30, 1915 (2020)
L.Levy, J.F.Hochepied, M.P., Pileni, J. Phys. Chem. 100, 18322 (1996)
R.B. Bylsma, W.M. Becker, J. Kossut, U. Debska, D. Yoder-Short, Phys. Rev. B 33, 8207 (1986)
C. Persson, C. Platzer-Björkman, J. Malmström, T. Törndahl, M. Edoff, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 146403 (2006)
M. Ishikawa, T. Nakayama, Phys. Status Solidi C 10, 1385 (2013)
F. Ibraheem, M.A. Mahdy, E.A. Mahmoud, J.E. Ortega, C. Rogero, I.A. Mahdy, A. El-Sayed, J. Alloy Compd. 834, 155196 (2020)
G.S. K.Kaur, Lotey, N.K.Verma, Mater. Chem. Phys. 143(1), 41 (2013)
J. Hasanzadeh, S. Farjami Shayesteh, Eur. Phys. J. Appl. Phys. 51, 30601 (2010)
A.N. Yadav, A.K. Singh, D. Chauhan, P.R. Solanki, P. Kumar, K. Singh, N. J. Chem. 44, 13529 (2020)
A.K. Gupta, R. Kripal, Spectrochim. Acta Part A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc. 96, 626 (2012)
L.S. Devi, K.N. Devi, B.I. Sharma, H.N. Sarma, Indian J. Phys. 88, 477 (2014)
M.A. Osman, A.G. Abd-Elrahim, A.A. Othman, J. Alloy. Compd. 722, 344 (2017)
D.V. Korbutyak1, V.P. Kladko1, N.V. Safryuk, O.Y. Gudymenko, S.I. Budzulyak, V.M. Ermakov, O.P. Lotsko, V.S. Tokarev, H.A. Ilchuk, O.M. Shevchuk, R.Y. Petrus, N.M. Bukartyk, S.V. Tokarev, L.V. Dolynska, J. Nano- Electron. Phys. 9(5), 05024 (2017)
I. López, I. Gómez, Phys. B Conden. Matter. 453, 81 (2014)
C.B. Murray, D.J. Norris, M.G. Bawendi, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 115, 8706 (1993)
X.-Y. Jiang, C.-L. Yang, Y.-X. Han, M.-S. Wang, X.-G. Ma, Mater. Chem. Phys. 183, 349 (2016)
Y.X. Han, C.L. Yang, Y.T. Sun, M.S. Wang, X.G. Ma, J. Alloys Compd. 585, 503 (2014)
C.X. Li, S.H. Dang, Acta Phys. Sin. 61, 017202 (2012)
Z.K. Heiba, M.B. Mohamed, A.M. Wahba, J. Mater. Sci.: Mater. Electron. 31, 14645 (2020)
M.S. Khan, L. Shi, X. Yang, S. Ali, H. Ullah, B. Zou, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter. 31, 395702 (2019)
M.A. Farrukh, I. Muneer, K.M. Butt, S. Batool, N. Fakhar, J. Chin. Chem. Soc 63(12), 952 (2016)
Z. Suo, J. Dai, Z. Li, S. Gao, Results Phys. 15, 102801 (2019)
M. Roknuzzaman, C. Zhang, K. Ostrikov, A. Du, H. Wang, L. Wang, T. Tesfamichael, Sci. Rep. 9, 718 (2019)
Acknowledgements
The authors extend their appreciation to the Deputyship for Research & Innovation, “Ministry of Education” in Saudi Arabia for funding this research work through the project number IFKSURG-1442-102.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding authors
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Heiba, Z.K., Mohamed, M.B., Farag, N.M. et al. Influence of transition metals doping (M) on the structural, optical, and electronic properties of non-stoichiometric nano-CdS1−x:Mx. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 32, 1850–1863 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-04953-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-04953-9