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Solid-state synthesis of heterogeneous Ni0.5Cu0.5-xZnxFe2O4 spinel oxides with controlled morphology and tunable dielectric properties

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Abstract

Heterogeneous Ni0.5Cu0.5−xZnxFe2O4 (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.5) nanoparticles are prepared via a green, solventless and additive-free, soft mechanochemical process at room temperature. This solid-state synthetic procedure yields ternary and quaternary oxide nanoparticles with uniform morphology (average particle size: 104–136 nm). X-ray diffraction analyses of Ni0.5Cu0.5−xZnxFe2O4 nanoparticles reveal a cubic spinel structure with crystallite size in the range of 24–31 nm. The lattice parameter (a) and hopping length for tetrahedral (LA) and octahedral (LB) lattice sites are found to increase with the increase in Zn2+ content, while X-ray (ρxrd) and bulk (ρbulk) densities decrease slightly due to increasing lattice volume. Ni0.5Cu0.5−xZnxFe2O4 nanoparticles with (x = 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) exhibit excellent dielectric performance with high permittivity (ε̍ = 92–111) and suppressed dielectric loss (ε̎ = 1.8–2.8) at high frequency (~ 106 Hz). The polarization mechanism is discussed, involving major contributions from the electron hopping (Fe2+  ↔ Fe3+) at the octahedral sites. The influence of Cu2+ and Zn2+ concentration on the cationic distribution and dielectric performance is analyzed. The electrical conductivity is found to follow the power law (σac = Aωn) with n = 0.7, which confirms the ac conduction phenomenon driven by the electron hopping mechanism. The dielectric behavior of Ni0.5Cu0.5−xZnxFe2O4 nanoparticles reveals their potential for applications in high-frequency microwave devices.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge the support provided by King AbdulAziz City for Science and Technology (KACST) through the Science and Technology Unit at King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM) for this work through project No.13-NAN467-04 as part of the National Science, Technology, and Innovation Plan. AA and FAA are grateful to SB Waje and MA Atieh for their help in the characterization of samples and discussions of the outcomes.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Hafr Al Batin, PO Box 1803, Hafr Al Batin, 39524, Saudi Arabia

    Adeel Afzal & Faraj Ahmad Abuilaiwi

  2. Affiliated Colleges at Hafr Al Batin, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, PO Box 1803, Hafr Al Batin, 31991, Saudi Arabia

    Adeel Afzal & Faraj Ahmad Abuilaiwi

  3. Renewable Energy Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST, 2-2-9 Machiikedai, Koriyama, Fukushima, 963-0298, Japan

    Rahat Javaid

  4. Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, 21300, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

    Farman Ali

  5. Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Hafr Al Batin, PO Box 1803, Hafr Al Batin, 39524, Saudi Arabia

    Amir Habib

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  1. Adeel Afzal
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Correspondence to Adeel Afzal or Faraj Ahmad Abuilaiwi.

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Afzal, A., Abuilaiwi, F.A., Javaid, R. et al. Solid-state synthesis of heterogeneous Ni0.5Cu0.5-xZnxFe2O4 spinel oxides with controlled morphology and tunable dielectric properties. J Mater Sci: Mater Electron 31, 14261–14270 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10854-020-03982-8

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